马克思主义发展史上的“题献论”问题——一个学术考察与阐释的视角

The Issue of“Dedication”in the Development History of Marxism:A perspective of Academic Investigation and Interpretation

马克思向达尔文题献《资本论》这一“题献论”,诞生于1930年代初的苏联,之后在西方被广泛传播,其扭曲了“马克思-达尔文”的智识关系。究其原因,该“题献论”源于20世纪前三分之一世纪在欧洲和苏联存在的社会主义道路和科学路线之争,其中“达尔文”始终处于意识形态竞争的前沿。然而,对于题献所指、题献动机、“马克思-达尔文”精神内核之间的冲突以及达尔文回信所提内容与现实不一致等各种争议和质疑长期存在。通过对爱德华·艾维林作为与达尔文通信主体的重新假设,以及“1880年10月12日信件”和《学生的达尔文》作品的发现和关系论证,“题献论”的神话最终被解构。

Marx’s dedication of Capital to Darwin—this“dedication issue”was born in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s,and was widely spread in the West later,which distorted the intellectual relationship of“Marx-Darwin”.The reason is that this“dedication issue”originated from the dispute over the socialist road and scientific line in Europe and the Soviet Union in the first third of the 20th century,in which“Darwin”was always at the forefront of the ideological competition.However,there have long been various disputes and doubts about the content of the dedication,the motivation of the dedication,the conflict between the spirit core of“Marx-Darwin”,and the inconsistency between the content of Darwin’s reply and the reality.The myth of“dedication issue”was finally deconstructed through the re assumption of Edward B.Aveling as the subject of communication with Darwin,as well as the discovery and relationship demonstration of the“letter of October 12,1880”and“The Student’s Darwin”.