王夫之的“兴”论

Wang Fuzhi’s“Xing”Theory

王夫之的“兴”论包含作者创作所用的表现手法“赋比兴”之“兴”;在创作构思时“兴观群怨”之“兴”;读者在阅读鉴赏时“兴观群怨”之“兴”。他认为“兴”具有以情为主、心物交融;情之所至、自然而发;见仁见智、广通情思等特点。在文学艺术方面,王夫之肯定了“兴”抒发情感的作用,突出了“兴”见仁见智的主观能动性,认为“兴”是批评鉴赏诗歌作品是否为佳作的标准之一。在社会伦理方面,王夫之选择性继承了前人有关“兴”的伦理教化作用的观点,肯定了“兴”在维护社会秩序、提高个人思想文化修养等方面的作用,这对后世的美学、美育等方面影响深远。

Wang Fuzhi’s“Xing”theory includes the“Xing”of the rhetorical devices used by the author in his creation,the“Xing”of the creative conception and the“Xing”of the readers’reading and appreciation.He thought“Xing”was characterized by affection,the integration of mind and matter;sincerity,natural development;different views and wide feeling and thinking.In terms of literature and art,Wang Fuzhi affirmed the role of“Xing”to express emotion;highlighted the subjective initiative of“Xing”to judge people’s opinion and affirmed the role of“Xing”in the critical appreciation of works as a standard to measure whether a work was a good one.In terms of social ethics,Wang Fuzhi partially inherited the predecessors’views on the ethical education of“Xing”,affirmed the role of“Xing”in maintaining social order and improving individual ideological and cultural accomplishment which had a far-reaching influence on the development of aesthetics and aesthetic education of later generations.