从陆域到水域的生态水环境系统化建设——长治神农湖水环境建设探究

Systematic Construction of Ecological Water Environment from Land to Water:A Case Study of Water Environment Construction at Shennong Lake in Changzhi

由于专业相对独立性,目前传统水治理设计考虑的主要是水面以下部分的水体净化,侧重于各主要水质效果的达标及提升。生态水环境系统化建设符合生态文明建设的基本发展要求,是在传统的以水岸划分的水生态修复单一基础上进行的延伸、深化,融入规划的理念,在遵循自然规律的前提下,将景观规划、水利规划与水环境耦合。通过在生态环境本底状况调研的基础上,筛选适合的目标生物种类,在现有地块上进行平面规划布局,探讨其建设思路。以长治神农湖水环境建设为例,主要从源头控污、过程削减、末端自净、后期维管四个方面进行布局设计,从源头污染负荷的削减量、水体透明度提升、水体主要水质指标提升等多个角度论证项目的建设效果。构建从陆域到水域的完整生态系统,保证水域生态格局的连通性、生物通道的连续性、景观层次的整体性、形成人水和谐的生态空间。

For traditional water treatment,the design consideration is mainly for water purification below the water surface due to the relative independence of the profession,and focuses on the compliance and improvement of the main water quality effects.The systematic construction of ecological water environment conforms to the basic development requirements of ecological civilization construction.It is the extension and deepening of the traditional water ecological restoration bounded by waterfront.Besides,it integrates landscape planning,water conservancy planning and water environment coupling into the planning concept,under the premise of following the laws of nature.In this work,based on the investigation of the background status of the ecological environment,we screened suitable target biological species,carried out a plan layout on the existing plots,and discussed their construction ideas.Furthermore,combined with the application example of Changzhi Shennong Lake water environment construction,the layout design was carried out from four aspects:source pollution control,process reduction,end self-cleaning,and later stage maintenance.The construction effect of the project was demonstrated from multiple perspectives,such as the reduction of pollution loads at the source,the improvement of water transparency,and the improvement of major water quality indicators.Ultimately,a complete ecosystem from land to water was constructed to ensure the connectivity of the ecological pattern of the water,the continuity of biological channels,the integrity of the landscape level,and the harmonious ecological space between humans and water.