劳动力迁移成本异质性、转移模式与地区差距

Cost Heterogeneity,Transfer Mode and Regional Disparity of Labor Migration

通过建立一个包含地区效率差异和劳动力迁移成本的两部门两地区模型,研究存在农村剩余劳动力时,产业转移、劳动力转移的福利效应及对地区收入差距的影响。研究发现:缩小地区效率差异以促进产业转移,或降低迁移成本以促进劳动力流动,都可以缩小地区间收入差距,并提高经济总体产出;由于劳动力迁移成本异质性,低迁移成本劳动力偏好产业转移,而高迁移成本劳动力偏好劳动力转移政策,因而产业转移和劳动力转移两类政策不能相互替代;当工业化水平提升或地区效率差异扩大导致劳动力流动需求增加时,如果不进一步消除劳动力流动的制度性障碍,地区间收入差距会扩大,从而形成劳动力迁移与地区差距扩大同时发生的“谜题”。为了促进区域协调发展,推进产业转移和劳动力流动两类思路并不存在内在逻辑冲突,不应将二者对立,需要采取降低劳动力迁移成本和提高欠发达地区发展潜力相结合的措施。

By establishing a two-sector and two-region model including regional efficiency difference and labor migration cost,this paper studies the welfare effect of industrial migration and labor migration and its influence on regional income gap when there is rural surplus labor.It is found that narrowing the regional efficiency difference to promote industrial transfer,or reducing the migration cost to promote labor mobility can both narrow the regional income gap and improve the overall economic output.Because of the heterogeneity of labor migration costs,low-cost labor force prefers industrial migration,while high-cost labor force prefers labor migration policies,so the two policies of industrial migration and labor migration can't replace each other.When the demand for labor mobility increases due to the improvement of industrialization level or the expansion of regional efficiency differences,if the institutional barriers to labor mobility are not further eliminated,the income gap between regions will widen,thus forming a " puzzle" in which labor migration and the widening of regional gap occur simultaneously.In order to promote regional coordinated development,there is no inherent logical conflict between the two kinds of ideas of promoting industrial transfer and labor mobility.They should not be opposed to each other,and measures should be taken to reduce the cost of labor migration and improve the development potential of underdeveloped areas.