宅基地使用权入股的法律冲突与协调

The Rural Homestead Land Use Right Shareholding Investment in the Legal Conflict and Coordination

我国宅基地制度由“两权分离”向“三权分置”演进。宅基地使用权是宅基地利用法律关系的核心,推进闲置宅基地的规范有序流转是宅基地“三权分置”改革的重点。入股作为一种创新型的宅基地流转方式,对乡村振兴和深化农村改革会产生积极深远影响。然而,现行的宅基地使用权制度与具体的宅基地使用权入股实践存在法律冲突。通过探讨宅基地使用权入股的法律界定及入股模式、政策与法律基础、立法缺陷等问题,提出完善宅基地使用权的界定及入股公司的法律制度、完善农民专业合作社及农村股份合作制企业的相关法律、构建宅基地使用权入股企业的破产利益平衡机制等建议,以期将宅基地使用权入股纳入法治轨道,更好实现闲置宅基地的经济价值。

The system of homestead in China has evolved from " the separation of the ownership and contractual right" to " the separation of the ownership,contractual,and management rights".The right to use homestead is the core of the legal relationship of homestead utilization,and promoting the standardized and orderly circulation of idle homestead is the focus of the reform of the "the separation of the ownership,contractual,and management rights".As an innovative way of homestead circulation,shareholding will have a positive and far-reaching impact on rural revitalization and deepening rural reform.However,there are legal conflicts between the current system of the right to the use of homestead and the concrete practice of shareholding of homestead right to use.Through discussing the legal definition and investment model of homestead use right,policy and legal basis,legislative defects and other issues,this paper puts forward suggestions,such as perfecting the definition of homestead right and the legal system of shareholding companies,perfecting the relevant laws of farmers' professional cooperatives and rural joint-stock cooperative enterprises,and constructing the bankruptcy interest balance mechanism of the shareholding enterprises of homestead right,so as to bring the shareholding of homestead right into the legal track and realize the economic value of idle homestead better.