不同树种配置模式对人工林物种和功能多样性恢复的影响

The Effects of Configuration Modes of Different Trees on the Restoration of Species Diversity and Functional Diversity in Planted Forests

以广东省佛山市云勇林场2004年杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata纯林改造后形成的人工混交林为研究对象,通过在12种不同树种配置模式的群落内设置调查样地和功能性状取样,利用方差分析和聚类分析等方法探讨了不同树种配置模式对人工林物种和功能多样性恢复的影响。结果表明:(1)树种配置模式对不同生物多样性指标的影响存在差异,主要表现为通过影响物种均匀度指数进而影响物种多样性的恢复。(2)树种配置模式对不同功能多样性指标的影响也存在差异,主要表现为通过功能丰富度和功能离散度进而影响功能多样性的恢复。(3)物种多样性和功能多样性的恢复不具有同步性,因此不能由物种多样性简单代替功能多样性的恢复。(4)基于物种和功能多样性的恢复情况和聚类分析结果,南堡屋、羊棚和牛牯顶样地的树种配置模式更有利于云勇林场物种和功能多样性的恢复。总体而言,通过对不同的随机树种配置模式效果进行科学筛选,有助于促进人工林物种和功能多样性的恢复进程。

The pure Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations were transformed into mixed plantations in 2004 in Yunyong Forest Farm,Foshan,Guangdong Province.By setting up the survey plots and the measurements of plant functional traits,the effects of configuration modes of different trees on the restoration of species diversity and functional diversity were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)There were differences in the effects of configuration modes of different trees on the indicators of species diversity,which mainly showed that it affected the restoration of species diversity by affecting the species evenness index.(2)There are also differences in the effects of configuration modes of different trees on the indicators of functional diversity,which mainly showed that it affected the restoration of functional diversity by affecting the functional richness and functional dispersion.(3)The restoration of species diversity and functional diversity is not synchronous,so the restoration of functional diversity cannot be simply replaced by species diversity.(4)Based on the restoration of species and functional diversity and the results of cluster analysis,M9,M7 and M8 could be used as the best configuration modes of trees for the restoration of biodiversity in Yunyong Forest Farm.Overall,scientific selection process of configuration modes of different trees is helpful to promote the restoration of species and functional diversity of the planted forests.