商业银行股权结构对其经营绩效的影响

Influence of Commercial Bank′s Ownership Structure on Its Operational Performance

以2016~2020年我国70家商业银行为样本,涵盖国有大型银行、全国性股份制银行、地方性商业银行及民营银行等不同类型的银行,探究我国商业银行的股权结构对经营绩效的影响。研究发现,国有股比例与各类型商业银行的综合绩效水平呈“倒U型”关系;境内非国有法人股与全国性股份制商业银行、城市商业银行、农村商业银行以及民营银行的综合绩效水平呈显著正相关关系;境外法人股与国有商业银行和城市商业银行的综合绩效水平呈显著正相关关系;股权集中度各指标与国有商业银行的综合绩效水平呈正相关关系,与全国性股份制商业银行、城市商业银行、农村商业银行的综合绩效水平呈负相关关系。为此,我国应根据不同类型商业银行的特点,采取优化股权结构的不同措施,提高商业银行的经营绩效水平。

Taking 70 commercial banks in China from 2016 to 2020 as samples,covering different types of banks such as large state-owned banks,national joint-stock banks,local commercial banks and private banks,this paper explores the impact of the ownership structure of commercial banks in the nation on business performance.The study finds that the proportion of state-owned shares has an " inverted U-shaped" relationship with the comprehensive performance level of various types of commercial banks;domestic non-state-owned legal person shares have a significantly positive relationship with the comprehensive performance levels of national joint-stock commercial banks,city commercial banks,rural commercial banks and private banks;overseas legal person shares have a significant positive correlation with the comprehensive performance level of state-owned commercial banks and city commercial banks;each index of equity concentration has a positive correlation with the comprehensive performance level of state-owned commercial banks,national joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks;the comprehensive performance level of rural commercial banks is negatively correlated. Therefore,according to the characteristics of different types of commercial banks,the nation should take different measures to optimize the ownership structure to improve the operating performance level of commercial banks.