聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座毁伤效应数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Damage Effect of Shaped Charge Penetrator on Concrete Base

为选定混凝土基座爆破后残高低、块度小的聚能装药结构形式,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了装药量、外径和药型罩壁厚相同条件下60°、120°锥形罩和曲率半径为10.8 cm曲面罩形成的射流或爆炸成型弹丸(EFP)运动特性,及其对混凝土基座垂直侵彻过程和毁伤效应。结果表明:不同聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座的侵彻方式不同。60°药型罩的头部射流先侵彻混凝土基座,随后杵体对孔洞进行扩大,120°药型罩的杵体与射流合并侵彻混凝土基座,而曲面药型罩主要依靠成型弹丸对混凝土基座进行冲击侵彻;混凝土基座的破碎能力与侵彻孔直径相关;孔径越大、能力越强。60°、120°和EFP药型罩侵彻孔直径分别为4.3 cm、5.2 cm和7.0 cm,在侵彻深度范围内形成的裂缝数量、宽度呈现增大趋势;混凝土基座爆破后的残留高度与横向贯通裂缝至底面之间的距离相关,而横向裂缝形成与侵彻体参数、装药量等多个因素相关。对有限尺寸的混凝土基座,大锥角药型罩的聚能装药破碎范围和程度的综合效果较佳,EFP药型罩虽然侵彻能力最弱,爆破作用后混凝土残留高度较大,但在侵彻深度范围内的破碎能力最强。研究不同聚能装药侵彻体对混凝土基座的爆破效应为毁伤机理探究和破除方式选择提供参考。

In order to select the shaped charge structure with low residual height and small fragmentation after blasting of concrete base,numerical simulation method is used to study the motion characteristics of jet flows formed by 60°and 120°conical liners and explosive formed projectiles(EFP)formed by curved liners with curvature radius of 10.8 cm as well as the vertical penetration process and damage effect on concrete bases under the same explosive charge,outer diameter and shaped charge liner thickness.The results show that:Different shaped charge penetrators have different penetration modes to concrete bases.The head part of the jet flow formed by the 60°conical liner penetrates the concrete base first,and then the pestle part expands the hole.For the 120°conical liner,the pestle body and the jet flow penetrate the concrete base together,while the curved liner mainly penetrates the concrete base by the formed projectile;the crushing capacity of the shaped charge is related to the diameter of penetration hole.The larger the hole diameter is,the stronger the crushing capacity is.The penetration hole diameters of 60°liner,120°liner and EFP liner are 4.3 cm,5.2 cm and 7.0 cm,respectively.In addition,the number and width of cracks formed within the penetration depth show an increasing trend;the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is related to the distance between the transverse through cracks and the bottom,while the formation of transverse cracks is related to multiple factors such as penetrator parameters,charge quantity and so on;for the concrete base with a limited size,a shaped charge liner with a large cone angle has a better comprehensive effect with respect to crushing range and degree.Although the penetration ability of EFP liner is the weakest and the residual height of the concrete base after blasting is large,its crushing ability within the penetration depth is the strongest.The study of blasting effect of different shaped charge penetrators on a concrete base can provide a reference for exploring damage mechanism and selecting destruction mode.