论个人信息权益保护范围的厘定——以行为违法判断为核心

On the Protection Scope of Personal Information Rights and Interests:Focusing on the Judgment of Illegality of Act

行为违法判断能够助力识别信息处理者之行为是否侵入个人信息权益的侵权责任保护范围,对于权益侵害要件认定具有工具性价值。为保障该工具性价值发挥,应建立权益侵害要件双阶层认定机制,以行为规范与信息自决保障的关系为标准,类型化个人信息保护行为规范,确定违法违规行为与信息自决贬损之间的关联状态;个案中,法院需行使自由裁量权进行利益权衡,即权衡信息主体人格尊严或人格自由是否因信息自决受到妨碍而遭受信息处理不合比例侵害。个人信息侵权证据偏在会引发信息主体就行为违法所涉侵权事实的证明障碍,行为违法对于主客观构成要件认定具有双重作用,就该事实的证明构成裁判证明评价重心并可能导致证明评价障碍。对此,应在立法框定的证明责任分配方案下,根据案情在客观构成要件认定环节对高度可能的心证程度从低把握,减轻信息主体的证明负担。

The judgment of illegality of act can help to identify whether the act of the information processor invades the protection scope of personal information rights and interests, and has instrumental value for the determination of the elements of infringement on rights and interests. In order to ensure the instrumental value to play a role, it is necessary to establish a two-level identification mechanism of the elements of infringement on rights and interests. The bias of evidence of personal information tort will lead to obstacles for information subject to prove the infringement facts involved in the illegality of act. The judgment of illegality of act has a dual role in the identification of subjective and objective constitutive elements, and the proof of this fact constitutes the core of judgment proof evaluation, and may form obstacles of proof evaluation. In this regard, under the distribution scheme of burden of proof framed by legislation, it is necessary to grasp the highly probable mental impression from a low level in the identification of objective elements according to the case, so as to reduce the burden of proof of information subject.