流动性与网络:维多利亚小说中的现代交通

Mobility and NetworkT:ransport in Victorian Novels

维多利亚时代经历了一系列交通模式的重要转型,19世纪30—90年代的60年见证了从马车、火车到跨洋轮船的迅速更迭,这不仅加快了人口、物品、信息的空间流动,改变了社会流动性,而且塑造了19世纪特有的情感结构。以往关于维多利亚小说中的交通研究,常常聚焦火车和铁路意象,揭示作家对现代性负面效应的深刻反思,但近年来的“流动性转向”和“后批判阅读”为再次审视这一议题提供了新的思路:公共马车系统与铁路系统作为联通工具促进了社会网络的空间扩展和“网络”社会的兴起。维多利亚小说记录并思考了交通与社会网络、网络社会之间的关联,绘制了流动性转型时代的认知地图,彰显了文学和交通作为“行动者”参与网络社会形成的能动性。

The Victorian era experienced a series of important changes in transportation modes.The 60 years from the 1830s to 1890s witnessed the rapid change from stagecoach,train to transoceanic ship.The advancement of transport not only accelerated the spatial mobility of population,goods and information and improved the social mobility,but also shaped the structure of feeling of the 19th century.Previous studies on transportation in Victorian novels often focused on the images of trains and railways to reveal the writers'critical reflection upon the negative effects of modernity.However,the“mobility turn”and“post-critical reading”provide a new perspective for re-examining this topic:the public coach system and the railway system as a connecting tool,promote the spatial expansion of social network and the rise of networked society.By registering and exploring the relationship between transportation,social network and networked society,Victorian novels have played the role of cognitive mapping in the era of transportation transformation and demonstrated the agency of literature and transport as actors to promote thenetworked society.