预测微生物学在乳品安全领域的研究进展

Research progress of predictive microbiology in the safety of dairy products

乳品中含有丰富的营养物质,易被有害微生物污染,进而影响消费者身体健康。不同乳品由于自身属性、加工条件和所处环境的不同,被微生物污染的状况也不一样。预测微生物学可以根据微生物在乳品储藏、运输和加工技术条件下的生长存活情况,通过建立模型,判断其动态变化趋势,从而帮助科研人员和生产者有效评估和控制乳品安全,也为加工工艺改进提供信息。本文介绍了预测微生物学模型的分类及乳品安全方面常用的预测微生物学模型和数据测定方法,阐述了预测微生物学在控制乳品微生物风险中的应用,并针对预测微生物学在乳品安全领域应用中存在的问题进行了探讨,展望了其未来发展方向,旨在为保障乳品安全提供参考。

Dairy products contain rich nutrients, which are likely to be contaminated by microorganisms, and then affect the health of consumers. Due to the differences in dairy properties, processing conditions, and environment, microbial contamination conditions of different milk and dairy products varies. Based on the growth and survival kinetics of microorganisms under storage, transportation, and processing conditions, predictive microbiological models can be established to determine the dynamic trends of microorganisms, hence assisting the industries and research scientists to effectively assess the safety of dairy products as well as offering the important information for dairy processing optimization. This paper introduced the classifications of predictive microbiological models, briefly summarized the commonly used predictive microbiological models and data measurement approaches for evaluating dairy products, expounded the applications of predictive microbiology in the control of microbial risks in dairy products, discussed the existing problems in the applications of predictive microbiology in the safety of dairy products, and prospected its future development direction, which provides references for ensuring dairy safety.