师资均衡配置视域下韩国教师轮岗制度研究

Research on South Korea Teacher Rotation System From the Perspective of Balanced Allocation of Teachers

韩国历来重视教师队伍的建设与发展。教师轮岗制度是韩国政府为了破解因教师扎堆于经济发达地区而导致城乡师资配置失衡、城乡教育质量差距过大等难题,而制定的均衡配置优秀教师资源的制度,也是韩国促使教育优质协调发展的重要举措。实践证明,韩国教师轮岗制度实施70年以来,实现了全员化、全域化、规范化和常态化,成效显著。韩国教师轮岗制度在均衡城乡师资配置、实现师资力量动态平衡和促进整体教育质量提升等方面起到了积极作用。但是,该制度在推行过程中尚存在一些亟须解决的问题,譬如在新聘教师与轮岗教师岗位配置结构的合理化、提高教师专业素养、激发教师使命感和责任感等方面还有待加强。

South Korea has always attached great importance to the construction and development of teaching force. The teacher rotation system is an important measure formulated by the government to solve the problem of unbalanced allocation of teachers between urban and rural areas and the large gap between urban and rural education quality caused by the clustering of teachers in areas with superior economic development level, and to promote the high-quality and coordinated development of education through the balanced allocation of excellent teacher resources. It has been proved by practice that since the implementation of the teacher rotation system for 70 years, it has achieved remarkable results in terms of achieving full membership, globalization, standardization and normalization. The teacher rotation system has played a positive role in balancing the allocation of teachers in urban and rural areas, and promoting the overall quality of education. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved urgently in the implementation of the system, such as the rationalization of the post allocation structure of newly hired teachers and rotation teachers, the improvement of teachers’ professional quality, and the stimulation of teachers’ sense of mission and responsibility.