郑州老奶奶庙遗址埋藏学研究

On the site formation process of the Laonainaimiao site in Zhengzhou

郑州老奶奶庙遗址是晚更新世一处包含多层堆积的露天遗址。本文从埋藏学视角对遗址形成与变化特点进行分析。这对于准确解读人类生存环境背景与遗址功能具有重要意义。研究发现:遗址第4层与第3层存在着不同的堆积环境,其中的遗物存在着不同的堆积形成过程。从3F层至少到3B层,该地区存在着比较稳定的河漫滩环境,为人类反复在此栖居提供了条件。这些层位中的石制品和动物遗存是人类活动形成的。遗物在较短时间里被低能水流掩埋,得到了较好的原地保存。然而,微小石制品所占比例、骨骼风化程度的差异表明不同层位堆积力强弱以及被掩埋速度存在变化。堆积形成后受到一定程度的扰动或改造,比如有些炭屑在水流作用下发生位移,但程度有限;潮湿的埋藏环境对动物遗存保存产生影响;同时,微小型遗存有可能受到生物扰动而发生位移。尽管动物骨头在废弃后受到食肉动物的啃咬破坏有限,但不排除食肉动物或其他大型动物的活动造成遗物在一定程度上发生位移,或者受踩踏而发生破损。

Laonainaimiao is an open-air site of late Pleistocene.It is composed of multiple horizons of deposits with abundant lithics and fauna remains.This paper attempts to analyze the site formation process and provides insights on the environmental context and function of the site.The analysis shows that the deposits of layer 4 and layer 3 formed in different environments and processes.There was a stable floodplain from the period of 3F to at least the period of layer 3B,which allowed repeated human occupations at this location.The taphonomic characteristics of lithics and animal bones suggest that they were deposited as a result of human activities,and they were generally well-preserved in situ.However,the deposits were disturbed or modified at a limited degree in the post-depositional process,as seen in the preservation of ash and bones.