叶家山曾侯墓地出土晚商青铜器组科技分析研究

A scientific analysis of the Late-Shang-Dynasty bronze from the Yejiashan cemetery

叶家山晚商青铜器组多数器物上有族氏铭文,对研究商代晚期青铜器流通、商末周初青铜器矿料利用规律和西周早期青铜器“分器”制度具有重要价值。研究结果表明,这批器物有铸造和铸后受热两种组织形态;合金类型以铅锡青铜为主,另有少量锡青铜和铅青铜;这批器物使用的一部分铜料、铅料与曾国铜器和殷墟四期铜器相同,表明商代晚期开发使用的一部分矿料到西周早期还在继续使用中,而商晚期“锡料来源紧缺”,但西周早期曾国铜器锡料供应充足,这些锡料是晚商已开采使用后来被周人掌控,还是周人新开发的,亦需深入研究。

Most of the late Shang bronzes in Yejiashan have family inscriptions,which are of great research value to the circulation of bronzes in the late Shang Dynasty,the utilization of bronze mineral materials in the late Shang and early Zhou Dynasties,and the"division"system of bronzes in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.The results show that these vessels have two kinds of microstructure:casting and post-casting heat.The main alloy types are lead-tin bronze,with a small amount of tin bronze and lead-bronze.Some of the copper and lead materials used in the objects are the same as those used in Zengguo bronzes and Yinxu IV bronzes,indicating that some of the minerals developed and used in the late Shang Dynasty were still in use in the early Western Zhou period.However,tin was a scarce source in the late Shang Dynasty.The tin supply of Zengguo copper vessels was sufficient in the early Western Zhou period.Whether it has been exploited in the late Shang period and later controlled by the Zhou,or the Zhou newly developed tin materials,needs to be studied.