合作与竞争不同情境下的自我参照效应

The Self-reference Effect of Cooperative and Competitive in Different Contexts

为了探究合作与竞争行为及其不同的行为结果对自我参照效应的影响,采用三个实验:实验一让被试阅读合作或竞争故事,测量其自我参照效应,结果发现,阅读竞争故事的被试表现出明显的自我参照效应,而阅读合作故事的被试表现出了他人参照效应;实验二让被试完成真实的合作或竞争游戏,结果发现,完成竞争游戏的被试表现出明显的自我参照效应,而完成合作游戏的被试没有表现出自我参照效应;实验三操作合作或竞争游戏的结果(成功或失败),结果发现,不论是合作行为还是竞争行为,被试在失败的结果下表现出的自我参照效应比成功时更明显。整个研究表明,人际间的行为互动模式(合作或竞争)及其行为结果(成功或失败)对自我参照效应有一定的影响。

To explore the influence of cooperative versus competitive behavior and their different behavioral outcomes on self-reference effect,three experiments were used.Experiment 1 asked subjects to read cooperative or competitive stories and the self-reference effect was measured.The results showed that the subjects who read competitive stories showed obvious self-reference effect,while the subjects who read cooperative stories showed other-reference effect.Experiment 2 asked subjects to complete a real cooperative or competitive game.The results showed that the subjects who completed the competitive game showed obvious self-reference effect,while the subjects who completed the cooperative game did not show self-reference effect.Experiment 3 manipulated the outcome(success or failure)of cooperative or competitive game.The results showed that subjects showed more obvious self-reference effects with failed outcomes than with successes,whether the behavior was cooperative or competitive.The entire study shows that the patterns of interpersonal behavior interaction(cooperation or competition)and the outcomes of behavior(success or failure)have a certain influence on the self-reference effect.