衙前役法与北宋党争

Yaqian Yifa(衙前役法)and the Party Struggle of the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋衙前役法改革是王安石新法的重要内容,新旧党争话语中不乏衙前役法话题,但反对王安石推行免役法者却肯定了衙前重难问题的严重性。元祐初年司马光等人坚持恢复差役法时,为衙前役雇募或招募辩护者也有此前的旧法派,衙前役法改革的重要性及合理性基本得到党争各派的共识。北宋役法论争中唯有衙前役法未曾因为党派的阶段性强势被任意改变,党争中固然有士大夫的政治私意,这种私意落实到具体役法问题上时又触及“公私利便”这一难题,论及民众私利是他们论据形成的基础,但富国这样的公利却是他们的内在价值取向。新旧党争在衙前役法问题上实现过价值统一,也在党争旋涡中关联到两宋社会转型的某些面相,其中折射出的是政治私意公利化的历史语境。

The reform of Yaqian Yifa in the Northern Song dynasty is an important part of Wang Anshi’s new law,and there are many Yaqian Yifa topics in the discourse of old-new party struggle,but those who oppose Wang Anshi’s new law affirm the question of Yaqian.When Sima Guang restored the Servant Law,there are also the old school of the old law defended Gumu Yaqian(雇募衙前),and the reform of Yaqian Yifa are basically agreed by all parties.The debate of Yifa in Northern Song dynasty did not change with the rise and fall of different parties.There is certainly the political selfishness of the scholar-officials in the party struggle.However,this selfishness often touches on the problem of“both public and private interests”when it comes to Yifa issues.The interests of the people are the basis of their arguments,but the richness of the country is their intrinsic value orientation.The old-new party struggle has realized the unity of value on the issue of Yaqian Yifa,which reflects the historical context of political selfishness becoming public benefit.