南宋地方性备荒仓的兴衰及其原因

The Rise and Fall of Local Preparedness Granaries in the Southern Song Dynasty and Its Causes

南宋时期,地方性备荒仓如社仓、平籴仓、平粜仓等纷纷涌现,形成了以常平仓、义仓等全国性备荒仓为主,地方性备荒仓为补充的备荒救灾仓储体系。与常平仓、义仓相比,社仓等地方性备荒仓因地制宜,管理经营灵活多样,有利于吸收地方的各种资源为救荒服务。南宋地方性备荒仓的兴起是多种因素交织的结果:地方财政的困窘和常平仓、义仓救荒功能的削弱是其兴起的现实原因;地方官与乡居士人、富人等基层势力是地方性备荒仓蓬勃发展的主要动力;南宋地方性备荒仓的兴起也源于儒家社会政治理想的推动。然而,南宋地方性备荒仓在积极发展的同时,大多数仓储却难以维持长久,吏治腐败、豪强把持以谋私利是其主要原因。

In Southern Song dynasty,with the local preparedness granaries sprung up,such as She Cang,Pingdi Cang,Pingtiao Cang and so on,the famine relief granary system which Changping Cang and YiCang as the main body and the local granaries as supplement formed.Compared to Changping Cang and Yi Cang,She Cang and other local granaries were more suitable for the local conditions,for its management was flexible and diverse for absorbing the local resources to serve the rescue.The local preparedness granaries’rise was a result of many factors.The realistic reason was the embarrassment of local finance and the weakening of disaster relief capability of Changping Cang and Yi Cang.Local forces were the main driving force for the flourishing development of the local granaries.The local granaries’rise was also driven by Confucian social and political ideals.However,most of the local granaries couldn’t maintain for a long time because of the official corruption and the local despotic force control for private benefits.