中国国际商事法庭协议管辖制度的反思与重构

Reflection of the Agreement Jurisdiction System of International Commercial Court in China

协议管辖是中国国际商事法庭管辖权的重要依据。《最高人民法院关于设立国际商事法庭若干问题的规定》首次明确了国际商事法庭的协议管辖条件,但该规定尚未明确界定商事性的范围,实际联系要素具有一定的局限性,协议管辖的形式要件单一且排他性效力规定不清。为保证更多当事人选择中国国际商事法庭管辖争议,建议对争议的国际性做扩大解释,明确商事性判断标准,适当扩大实际联系要素的范围,放宽协议管辖具体形式和明确协议之排他效力,以适应现代国际商事争议解决的需求。

Agreement jurisdiction is an important basis for the jurisdiction of China's international commercial court."Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Regarding the Establishment of the International Commercial Court"specifies the conditions for the agreed jurisdiction of international commercial Court for the first time,but it fails to clearly define the scope of commercial nature—effective connection elements are limited,agreement jurisdiction requirements are single and the exclusivity is unclear.In order to attract more parties to choose the jurisdiction of disputes in China's international commercial courts,it is suggested that,to meet the needs of modern international commercial dispute settlement,the interpretation of the international nature of disputes be expanded,the criteria of commercial nature be clarified,the scope of practical contact be appropriately expanded,the specific form of jurisdiction agreement be relaxed,and the exclusive effect of the agreement be clarified.