贵州雷公山水青冈群落特征与分布格局研究

Characteristics and Distribution Pattern of Fagus longipetiolata in Leigong Mountain,Guizhou Province

为了解水青冈(Fagus longipetiolata)群落特征和空间分布格局,制定水青冈群落的适应性保护措施,采用典型样地方法对贵州省雷公山水青冈群落进行调查。结果表明,雷公山水青冈群落有维管植物50科77属103种,其中蕨类植物3科3属3种,种子植物47科74属100种,包含裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物44科71属97种。从植物区系成分分析,属的植物区系成分为温带性质。乔木层水青冈重要值(0.1702)最大,是建群种;各群系中水青冈重要值均较高,在群落中占优势地位。水青冈径级从Ⅰ级到Ⅴ级都有分布,Ⅰ级和Ⅴ级数量较多,分别为63株和31株,分别占总株数的47.73%和23.48%,呈双峰形分布。水青冈种群在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级幼树呈随机分布,随着径级增大,水青冈种群由随机分布向集群分布过渡;优势种青冈则由集群分布向随机分布过渡;其他优势种多为随机分布。水青冈群落各群系丰富度指数为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;优势度指数为乔木层>草本层>灌木层;H多样性指数为乔木层>草本层>灌木层;均匀度指数为乔木层>草本层>灌木层。雷公山水青冈群落具有自身的特点,应加强其保护及对水青冈种群、群落生态学等研究。

In order to understand the community structure characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of Fagus longipetiolata,and establish its adaptive protection measures,the community of F.longipetiolata in Guizhou province was investigated by the method of typical sites.The results showed that there were 103 species of vascular plants belonging to 77 genera in 50 families,among which ferns had 3 families,3 genera,3 species,and seed plants had 47 families,74 genera,100 species.There were 3 species of Gymnosperms belonging to 3 genera in 3 families;and there were 97 species of Angiosperms belonging to 71 genera in 44 families.The floristic components of the genus belonged to temperate zone.The importance value of F.longipetiolata(0.1702)in the tree layer was the highest,and it was a construction species.The importance value of F.longipetiolata was high in all groups,and it was dominant in the community.There was a bimodal distribution from gradeⅠto gradeⅤ,and there were 63and 31 plants in gradeⅠandⅤ,accounting for 47.73%and 23.48%of the total number of plants,respectively.The population was randomly distributed in gradeⅠ,ⅡandⅢsaplings,and transitioned from random distribution to cluster distribution with the increase of diameter class.The dominant species Cyclobalanopsis glauca changed from cluster distribution to random distribution.Other dominant species were distributed randomly.The richness index of each community was shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer.Dominance index was tree layer>herb layer>shrub layer.H diversity index was tree layer>herb layer>shrub layer.The evenness index was tree layer>herb layer>shrub layer.The community of F.longipetiolata in Leigong Mountain had its own characteristics,so it was necessary to strengthen the protection of the existing F.longipetiolata community and further study on its population and community ecology.