不同改良剂对盐碱地花生生长特性和产量的影响

Effects of different modifiers on growth characteristics and yield of peanut in saline alkali soil

【目的】探究不同改良剂对盐碱地花生的影响,为提高盐碱地花生产量提供参考。【方法】以花育25号和益花1号2个花生品种为试验材料,在新疆农垦科学院试验场进行田间小区试验,通过不同类型及施用量的改良剂(生物炭、钙抑制剂、土壤再生要素原液和微生物菌剂)处理盐碱地,研究改良剂对盐碱地花生生长特性和产量的影响。【结果】施用生物炭、钙抑制剂、土壤再生要素原液和微生物菌剂均不同程度增加了花生的株高、主根长、第一侧枝长、第二侧枝长、茎叶和根干重,有效促进了花生的生长发育。在微生物菌剂T3处理中,花育25号苗期、花针期、荚果期叶片SPAD较对照分别提高35.19%、17.73%、25.64%,益花1号苗期、花针期、荚果期叶片SPAD较对照分别提高33.26%、16.42%、14.65%;苗期花育25号和益花1号的叶面积较CK分别增加80.26%和81.54%,花针期花育25号和益花1号的叶面积较CK处理分别增加33.65%和33.77%,最终使饱果率、籽仁率、百果重、百仁重和产量显著提高。微生物菌剂T3处理的花生产量最高,钙抑制剂T1的花生产量最低,微生物菌剂T3处理下,花育25号饱果率、籽仁率、百果重和百仁重较对照分别提高19.84%、2.71%、4.05%和11.94%,益花1号分别提高6.39%、4.98%、34.27%和7.34%,花育25号和益花1号产量分别高达5981.84和6048.40 kg/hm^( 2),较CK处理增产14.07%和10.45%。【结论】微生物菌剂T3处理对盐碱地花生生长具有较好的促进作用,增产效果显著,是盐碱地花生增产增收的有效途径。

【Objective】The study explored the effects of different modifiers on peanut in saline alkali soil,so as to provide a reference for improving flower production in saline alkali soil.【Method】Huayu 25 and Yihua 1 were taken as experimental materials.Field plot experiments were conducted with different application rate of biochar,calcium inhibitor,soil regeneration factor stock solution and microbial agents to analyze the changes of peanut growth characteristics and yield under modifiers.【Result】The application of biochar,calcium inhibitor,soil regeneration factor stock solution and microbial agent increased the plant height,main root length,first lateral branch length,second lateral branch length,stem,leaf and root dry weight,and effectively promoted the growth and development of peanut.Among them,microbial agent T3 increased SPAD of leaves of Huayu 25 at seedling stage,flower-pegging stage and pod stage by 35.19%,17.73%and 25.64%respectively compared with the control,and the Yihua 1 increased by 33.26%,16.42%and 14.65%respectively compared with the control.The leaf areas of Huayu 25 and Yihua 1 treated with microbial agent T3 increased by 80.26%and 81.54%respectively compared with the control at seedling stage,and the leaf areas of Huayu 25 and Yihua 1 treated with microbial agent T3 increased by 33.65%and 33.77%respectively compared with the control at flower-pegging stage and finally significantly increased the full fruit rate,kernel yield,100 fruit weight,100 kernel weight and yield.Peanut yield of microbial agent T3 was the highest under all treatments,and peanut yield of calcium inhibitor T1 was the lowest.Among them,the full fruit rate,kernel rate,100 fruit weight and 100 kernel weight of Huayu 25 treated with microbial agent T3 increased by 19.84%,2.71%,4.05%and 11.94%,respectively compared with the control,Yihua 1 increased by 6.39%,4.98%,34.27%and 7.34%,respectively and the yields of Huayu 25 and Yihua 1 reached 5981.84 and 6048.40 kg/hm ^(2) respectively,increased by 14.07%and 10.45%.【Conclusion】Microbial agent T3 treatment had a good promotion effect on the growth of peanut in saline alkali land,with significant yield increase effect.It was an effective way to increase the yield and income of peanut in saline alkali land.