论西方诗歌诗性观

The Poetic Attributes of Western Poetry

在近3000年的发展历程中,西方诗歌形成丰富多彩的文体样式,相对而言,史诗、抒情诗、自由诗和现代诗对后世影响较大,众多学者对它们的艺术特征及精神品格做出了详细的分析与阐释,从中提炼出各自的诗性特质。比如,“史诗”是用叙述、想象和韵律摹仿严肃行为的整一性艺术;“抒情诗”是通过音律、节奏、沉思及想象表达强烈情感的艺术;“自由诗”是虽无固定形式却有更高要求,虽可灵活多变却须自成一格的新体诗;“现代诗”则是具有实验性、体验性、开放性特征的诗性语言艺术。整体来看,西方诗歌以汪洋恣肆的风采,尽情发挥了各民族语言的诗性潜质,西方诗学则以正反合螺旋上升的演进方式,给文学发展提供了绵延不断的动力。中国新诗在向西方学习的过程中,尚未将外来诗学资源与本民族语言的诗性潜能整合起来,还需总结经验与教训,在不断探索中继续前行。

In nearly 3000 years of development,Western poetry has formed a rich and colorful style of writing.Relatively speaking,epic poetry,lyric poetry,free verse,and modernist poetry have had a great influence on later generations.Many scholars have made detailed analyses and interpretations of their artistic characteristics and spiritual character,from which their respective poetic attributes can be extracted.For example,"epic"is the art of imitating serious acts with narrative,imagination and rhyme;"lyric"is the art of expressing strong emotions through meter,rhythm,contemplation and imagi⁃nation;"free verse"is a new form of poetry that is not fixed in form but has higher requirements,and that can be flexible but must be self-contained;"modernist poem"is a poetic language art with experimen⁃tal,experiential and open characteristics.On the whole,Western poetry has given full play to the poet⁃ic potential of each national language with its vastness,while Western poetics has provided a continu⁃ous impetus to literary development with its positive and negative spiral of evolution.In the process of learning from the West,Modern Chinese Poetry has yet to integrate the poetic resources of foreign poetics with the poetic potential of its language,and still needs to draw lessons from its experience and continue to move forward in its ongoing exploration.