不同产地种质薄荷引种于天津地区的适宜栽培密度研究

Study on the suitable cultivation density of Mentha haplocalyx from different producing areas introduced to Tianjin

[目的]系统考察来自10个产地不同种质薄荷在不同栽培密度下的生长发育情况,基于药效成分和生物量,筛选适宜的栽培密度,为进一步规模化、标准化薄荷大田种植推广提供科学支撑。[方法]收集2020年种植的10个产地不同种质薄荷地下根茎,以10 cm×30 cm、15 cm×30 cm、20 cm×30 cm 3个栽培密度设计,基于最佳采收期采收,系统考察不同栽培密度对薄荷植株生长指标、产量及有效成分含量的影响。[结果]随着栽培密度的增加,不同产地薄荷株高逐渐增大,茎节数呈现增加趋势,茎粗变小,分枝数减少,单株产量减少,但薄荷叶长叶宽没有明显变化规律。基于薄荷产量和药效成分含量,采用主成分分析(PCA)综合评价不同栽培密度下薄荷质量,结果显示,在天津地区,广州、焦作、长春、鹿泉、南京、秦皇岛、安国产地种质薄荷最佳栽培密度为15 cm×30 cm;信阳、平山、盐城产地种质薄荷最佳栽培密度为10 cm×30 cm。[结论]适宜的栽培密度能有效提高薄荷品质和产量,在薄荷大田种植实践活动中有一定推广意义。

[Objective]The growth and development of different germplasms of Mentha haplocalyx from 10 producing areas under different plant spacing were systematically investigated,and the appropriate cultivation density was screened based on the medicinal components and biomass,so as to provide scientific research for further large-scale and standardized field planting and promotion of Mentha haplocalyx support.[Methods]The underground rhizomes of Mentha haplocalyx with different germplasms from ten origins planted in 2020 were collected,and three cultivation densities of 10 cm×30 cm,15 cm×30 cm,and 20 cm×30 cm were used to determine the effect of different plant spacing on the growth index of Mentha haplocalyx yield and the effect of active ingredients.[Results]With the increase of cultivation density,the plant height of Mentha haplocalyx in different production areas increased gradually,the number of stem nodes showed an increasing trend,the stem diameter became smaller,the number of branches decreased,the yield per plant decreased,but the length and width of Mentha haplocalyx leaves did not change significantly.Based on the yield of Mentha haplocalyx and the content of medicinal components,PCA was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Mentha haplocalyx under different cultivation densities.The results showed that in Tianjin,the optimal cultivation density of Mentha haplocalyx in Guangzhou,Jiaozuo,Changchun,Luquan,Nanjing,Qinhuangdao and Anguo was 15 cm×30 cm,the optimum cultivation density of Mentha haplocalyx in Xinyang,Pingshan and Yancheng was 10 cm×30 cm.[Conclusion]Appropriate cultivation density can effectively improve the quality and yield of Mentha haplocalyx,and it has certain promotion significance in the field planting practice of Mentha haplocalyx.