从2008到2022:“北京双奥会”我国体育政策的演变历程及其时代特征

From 2008 to 2022:Evolution Course and Characteristics of China's Sports Policy during The "Twice Beijing Olympic Games"

奥运会为中国体育政策的发展留下了宝贵遗产,特别是北京冬奥会的申办和筹备不仅加快了大众参与冰雪运动的相关政策制定及议程落实,也进一步丰富了奥运遗产的积淀。我国体育政策正在构建“多元的”“现实主义的”奥运话语体系,相比北京夏奥会,冬奥会的政策遗产更清晰,也更具可持续性。采用内容分析法和扎根理论,选取与2008年北京夏奥会和2022年北京冬奥会相关的国家层面体育政策(2001—2021年)进行分析,阐述北京夏冬奥运会影响我国国家体育政策的演进历程及时代特征的逻辑关系。研究认为,以北京夏冬奥运会为导向的国家体育政策演进呈现出3个特色鲜明的时代特征:北京夏奥会促进体育功能价值逐渐扩大(2001—2008年);北京夏奥会助力体育强国战略的开启(2009—2014年);北京冬奥会推动体育在国家经济社会发展的多元价值升级(2015—2021年)。

The Olympic Games have left an array of precious legacies for the development of China's sports policy.In particular,the bid and preparation for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games have not only accelerated the formulation of policies and the implementation of the agenda for the public to participate in ice and snow sports,but also further enriched the Olympic heritage.China's sports policy has been constructing a "pluralistic" and "realistic" Olympic discourse system.Compared with the Beijing Summer Olympics,the policy legacy of the Winter Olympics is clearer and more sustainable.This study adopts grounded theory to conduct content analysis on China's national sports policies related to 2008 Summer Olympic Games and 2022 Winter Olympic Games issued between 2001 and2021,so as to reveal the logical relationship between the Beijing Summer and Winter Olympic Games and the evolution of China's national sports policy and the characteristics of the times.The result shows that the evolution of national sports policy oriented by Beijing Summer and Winter Olympics presents three distinct characteristics of the times:Beijing Summer Olympics gradually expanded the value of sports functions(2001-2008),Beijing Summer Olympics helped launch sports power construction strategies(2009-2014),and Beijing Winter Olympics facilitated the multi-value upgrading of sports in national economic and social development(2015-2021).