原发性阴道癌治疗的研究进展

Research Progress in Treatment of Primary Vaginal Cancer

原发性阴道癌是一种罕见的妇科恶性肿瘤,且是目前唯一一种在美国国立综合癌症网络中没有临床实践指南的女性生殖系统肿瘤。对于原发性阴道癌的治疗,目前尚未提出最佳的治疗方案,个体化的放化疗仍然是该病的主要治疗方法,其改善了疾病的局部控制率和总体生存率。早期原发性阴道癌通常采用手术或放疗,而对于晚期原发性阴道癌,同步放化疗成为了一种有效的替代治疗。与其他恶性肿瘤一样,原发性阴道癌诊断时的临床分期是重要的预后因素,而年龄、病灶大小和组织学类型等也会影响生存结局,其中免疫治疗有望成为改善原发性阴道癌预后的新策略。综述原发性阴道癌的手术方法、放疗、放化疗和免疫治疗及其预后的最新进展。

Primary vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy,which is the only female reproductive system cancer without clinical practice guidelines in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.For the treatment of primary vaginal cancer,the best treatment plan has not been proposed yet.The individualized radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main treatment methods for vaginal cancer,which may improve the local control rate and overall survival rate.The primary vaginal cancer at early stage usually adopts surgery or radiotherapy,while the vaginal cancer at the advanced stage may adopt the concurrent chemoradiotherapy as an effective alternative treatment.As with the other malignancies,the clinical stage at diagnosis of primary vaginal cancer is the most important prognostic factor,while age,lesion size and histologic type can also affect survival outcomes.Interestingly,the immunotherapy may be a new strategy to improve the prognosis of vaginal cancer.This paper review the treatment methods of primary vaginal cancer,including surgical approaches,radiotherapy,radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy,as well as the respective prognoses.