新生儿溶血病患儿输血前应用微柱凝胶检测新生儿溶血三项、红细胞不规则抗体的价值

The Value of Applying Micro-column Gel to Detect Neonatal Hemolytic Triplet and Erythrocyte Irregular Antibodies before Blood Transfusion in Neonates with Hemolytic Disease

目的探讨新生儿溶血病患儿输血前应用微柱凝胶检测新生儿溶血三项、红细胞不规则抗体的价值。方法抽选2017年1月—2021年12月连云港市妇幼保健院门诊及住院新生儿溶血病患儿30进行例研究观察,均接受输血治疗,输血前分别采取微柱凝胶检测法与试管法进行新生儿溶血三项及红细胞不规则抗体检测,对比探讨两种检测方法不规则抗体测定结果差异,同时记录比较两种检测方法检测直接抗人球蛋白、游离抗体及释放实验抗体结果差异。结果微柱凝胶法不规则抗体检出阳性率30.00%高于试管法,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.182,P<0.05),同时微柱凝胶检测法检出直接抗人球蛋白阳性率、游离抗体阳性率及释放实验抗体阳性率均明显高于试管法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床在对新生儿溶血病患儿进行输血治疗前,应通过微柱凝胶检测方式对红细胞不规则抗体、溶血三项指标进行检测,进而保障输血安全。微柱凝胶检测具有阳性检出率高、操作简单等优点,能够提供可靠数据支持,值得运用推广。

Objective To explore the value of applying micro-column gel to detect three hemolytic and red blood cell irregular antibodies in neonates with hemolytic disease before blood transfusion.Methods A sample of 30 outpatient and inpatient neonatal hemolytic disease cases of Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected from January 2017 to December 2021,all of whom received blood transfusion.Before transfusion,micro-column gel detection and test tube assay were used for neonatal hemolysis triplet and irregular red blood cell antibody detection.The differences in the results of the irregular antibody assay between the two assays were compared,and the differences in the results of the direct anti-human globulin,free antibody and release assay antibodies between the two assays were also recorded and compared.Results The positive rate of irregular antibodies by microcolumn gel assay was 30.00%,more than that of the test tube assay,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=18.18,P<0.05).Meanwhile,the detection rate of direct anti-human globulin positive,free antibody positive and release assay antibody positive by the microcolumn gel assay was significantly higher than those by the test tube method,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Before the clinical transfusion treatment of neonatal hemolytic disease children,the three indicators of erythrocyte irregular antibodies and hemolysis should be tested by microcolumn gel assay,thus ensuring the safety of blood transfusion.The microcolumn gel test has the advantages of high positive detection rate and simple operation,which can provide reliable data support and is worthy of application and promotion.