语用障碍多模态补偿的功能与机制

Performance and Mechanism of Multimodal Compensation in Pragmatic Impairment

个体面临语用障碍时会出现补偿现象,虽然围绕语用障碍的研究方兴未艾,但对多模态补偿功能和机制的探讨尚显不足。本文在阐释语用障碍中的多模态补偿现象及相应语用功能的基础上,区分了多模态补偿的三种外在表现类型:个体和人际间补偿、语言层级间补偿和符号模态间补偿。该现象是大脑不同感官模态及其神经系统相互补偿支持的结果,可以归因于两种神经认知阐释机制:跨模态与跨层级补偿机制。研究表明,秉持“大语用观”格局开展语用障碍及其补偿现象的研究,有助于进一步拓展语用障碍研究和语用学理论的维度。

Compensatory adaptation emerges when individuals encounter pragmatic impairment.Though researches are plentiful in pragmatic impairments, discussions about multimodal compensation remain further explored in its performance and mechanism. To fill the gap, this paper first explores the phenomenon of multimodal compensation in language disorders and its corresponding pragmatic functions. It then distinguishes three types of performances in multimodal compensation: compensation from inter-and intra-personal perspectives, compensation across language levels, and compensation across semiotic systems and modalities. These performances are on account of interconnection among multiple sensory organs and their neural networks. To further illustrate that, two types of interpretive mechanisms are proposed, i.e., the compensation mechanism spans multiple linguistic levels, and the multimodal compensation as the result of the mutual compensation among different sensory modalities and their neural systems in the brain. The study of pragmatic disorders should uphold a holistic view, which can expand the theoretical dimension of pragmatics.