四川省不同地貌区乡村聚落空间格局及影响因素分析

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Different Landform Areas of Sichuan Province

为科学认识四川省不同地貌区的乡村聚落空间格局,分别选取青白江区、富顺县、昭化区、德昌县和茂县作为平原、丘陵、中低山、山地河谷和高山峡谷5种地貌的典型县(区),基于2018年土地利用遥感监测数据等提取乡村聚落图斑,运用核密度估计、平均最近邻指数分析、最小累积阻力模型等方法定量分析乡村聚落的空间分布规模和特征,再进一步研究海拔、坡度、河流等自然因素和交通、人口、离耕地距离等社会因素对乡村聚落空间格局分异的影响。结果表明:四川省不同地貌区乡村聚落的核密度和集聚程度恰好相反,聚落集聚程度呈现高山峡谷地貌区>山地河谷地貌区>中低山地貌区>平原地貌区>丘陵地貌区的空间特征;乡村聚落的空间分布受自然和社会因素的共同作用,尽管不同地貌区在高程、河流、交通、人口、耕地等因素的影响下,乡村聚落空间分布差异显著,但是总体上,四川省乡村聚落具有低海拔、低坡度、邻河流、邻乡镇、邻人口密集区和邻耕地的空间分布指向特征。本文旨在通过揭示不同地貌区乡村聚落空间格局的异同点,加深对四川省乡村聚落分布规律的认识,为聚落格局优化、乡村规划布点提供科学指导。

Based on the rural settlement map spots extracted by land use remote sensing monitoring data and others in 2018,this paper selects Qingbaijiang district,Fushun county,Zhaohua district,Dechang county and Maoxian county as the 5 typical landforms of plains,hills,middle and low mountains,mountain valleys and mountain canyon to scientifically explore the spatial pattern of rural settlements in different landform areas of Sichuan province.The spatial distribution scale and characteristics are quantitatively analyzed by the methods of nuclear density estimation,average nearest neighbor index analysis and minimum cumulative resistance model.Then,this paper further studies the influence of natural factors and social factors on the differentiation of rural settlement spatial pattern,including altitude,slope,river,traffic,population and the distance from cultivated land.The research results show as follows:the average density and agglomeration degree of rural settlements in different landform areas of Sichuan province are just the opposite,and the agglomeration degree is in the sequence of mountain canyon landform area>mountain valleys landform area>middle and low mountain landform area>plains landform area>hills landform area;although there are significant differences in the spatial distribution of rural settlements of different landform areas under the influence of factors such as elevation,river,traffic,population and cultivated land,the spatial distribution of rural settlements is affected both by the natural and social factors,and presents on the whole the spatial distribution characteristics of low altitude,low slope,adjacent rivers,adjacent towns,adjacent densely populated areas and adjacent cultivated land.This paper aims at deepening the understanding of the distribution rules of rural settlements in Sichuan province and providing scientific guidance for the settlement pattern optimization and rural stationing planning by revealing the similarities and differences of rural settlements spatial pattern in different landform areas.