油脂催化加氢转化制备第二代生物柴油研究进展

Research progress in catalytic hydroconversion of lipid to second-generation biodiesel

生物柴油是一种清洁的可再生能源,是应对温室效应、环境污染、能源短缺等问题最有潜力的发展方向之一。第二代生物柴油是油脂与氢气(H_(2))进行加氢转化反应制得的与传统石化柴油组成类似的烃类混合物,除具有绿色环保、十六烷值高、可再生等优点外,还具有低温流动性好、含氧量低、稳定性高、热值高等特点,可与石化柴油无比例限制地混合使用。系统总结了近年来油脂催化加氢转化制备第二代生物柴油方面的研究进展,包括加氢转化机理、催化剂活性相、催化剂载体和加氢转化工艺四个方面,着重介绍高效加氢转化催化剂的设计和开发。此外,还分析了油脂催化加氢转化制备第二代生物柴油领域所面临的机遇和挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Biodiesel is a clean and renewable energy source,and it is one of the most potential development directions to deal with problems such as greenhouse effect,environmental pollution,and energy shortage.The second-generation biodiesel is a hydrocarbon mixture prepared by the hydroconversion of lipid with the assistance of hydrogen(H_(2)).It has similar components to the traditional petrochemical diesel.In addition to the advantages of greenness,high cetane number and renewability,it also has the characteristics of good low-temperature fluidity,low oxygen content,high stability and high calorific value.It can be mixed with petrochemical diesel without fraction limitation.This review systematically summarizes the research progress in the preparation of second-generation biodiesel by catalytic hydroconversion of lipid in recent years.We discuss the hydroconversion mechanism,active phase of catalysts,catalyst supports and hydroconversion process,with special emphasis on the design and development of highly efficient hydroconversion catalysts.In addition,the opportunities and challenges in the field of lipid hydrogenation to produce second-generation biodiesel were analyzed,and the future development directions were prospected.