董仲舒是否反对《公羊》义——以“齐灭纪”相关经传诠释为论

Did Dong Zhongshu Oppose the Interpretation of the Gongyang Commentary?--On Dong Zhongshu’s Interpretation of the Scriptures Related to“the Conquest of Ji by Qi”

春秋时期,齐襄公攻灭纪国,《春秋》一经中有相关记载。《公羊传》和《穀梁传》均对此历史事件予以解释,二传的解释迥然有异。相传为西汉公羊学大师董仲舒之作的《春秋繁露》亦详解此事件,但其内容竟与《公羊》义并不相符,却与《穀梁》义有共通之处。推究董仲舒的解释便能得知,其乃借《春秋》和《公羊传》表达思想的实例。董仲舒并没有排斥《公羊》义,而是一面依据公羊学传承,另一面提出与《公羊传》不同的解经观点,以强调仁义和王道优越于《公羊传》极看重的复仇。

During the Spring and Autumn Period,the Duke Xiang of Qi conquered the state of Ji.The relevant records are in the Spring and Autumn Annals(Chunqiu春秋),and the Gongyang Commentary(Gongyang Zhuan公羊传)and Guliang Commentary(Guliang Zhuan穀梁传)explained this historical event,their explanations,however,differ.The Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals(Chunqiu fanlu春秋繁露),said to be the work of Dong Zhongshu,the great master of Gongyang scholarship in the Western Han dynasty,also explains this event in detail.However,its contents do not correspond to the interpretation of the Gongyang Commentary,and even have something in common with that of the Guliang Commentary.This article analyzes Dong Zhongshu’s explanation and argues that it is an example of using the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Gongyang Commentary to express ideas.Dong Zhongshu did not oppose the interpretation of the Gongyang Commentary.On the one hand,he relied on the legacy of the Gongyang scholarship.On the other hand,he proposed a different interpretation from that of the Gongyang Commentary to emphasize the superiority of benevolence-righteousness and kingly way over revenge which the Gongyang Commentary gave extreme importance.