公共政策全过程科学评估:逻辑体系、技术谱系与应用策略

Scientific Evaluation of The Whole Process of Public Policy:Logical System,Technical Pedigree and Application Strategy

全过程评估是推动公共政策朝着预期目标平稳运行的“方向盘”和“矫正器”,在实现“从决策到政策、从政策到效能”的过程中起着关键的保障作用。在政策生命周期的基础上,厘清由政策前评估、政策中评估、政策后评估所构成的“公共政策全过程评估”的基本逻辑,明晰预评估、监控评估、效果评估的目标和具体指向,通过对世界范围内的政策评估文献进行文本数据挖掘,确定一个包含24种经典与前沿科学工具的“公共政策全过程评估方法与技术谱系”,有助于为公共政策全过程科学评估的推进提供工具及其使用指南。未来我国需通过编制公共政策全过程科学评估方法与技术操作手册、发挥“红色管理”经验、开发中国特色评估工具等策略将公共政策评估工作做实做好,将公共政策中不可控的不确定性转化为可控的不确定性。

The whole process evaluation is the“steering wheel”and“corrective device”that promote the smooth operation of public policy towards the expected goal.It plays a key role in the process of realizing“from decision-making to policy,from policy to efficiency”.Based on the perspective of policy life cycle,this study clarified the basic logic of the“Whole Process Evaluation”composed of pre-policy evaluation,in-policy evaluation and post-policy evaluation,and clarified the objectives and specific directions of pre-evaluation,monitoring evaluation and effect evaluation.Then through text data mining of policy evaluation documents around the world,a“public policy whole-process evaluation method and technology pedigree”including 24 classic and cutting-edge scientific tools was determined,providing tools and guidance for the promotion of the whole-process scientific evaluation of public policy.In the future,we need to prepare a scientific evaluation method and technical operation manual for the whole process of public policy,give full play to the experience of“red management”,and develop evaluation tools with Chinese characteristics.In this way,the uncontrollable uncertainty in public policy can be transformed into controllable uncertainty.