规避风险导向下乡镇政策执行的逻辑指向——以W县村级组织负责人“一肩挑”的推行为例

The Logic Direction of Township Policy Implementation under the Guidance of Risk Avoidance—Take “One Shoulder Multi-Task” of Village Leaders for Example

与规避责任有所不同,规避风险以更加积极的态度承担责任,不仅要规避政策内的责任风险,还要提前防范政策外的社会治理风险。乡镇一级作为国家与乡村社会的组织接点,其治理效能关乎公共政策的实现效果。在新的时代背景下,乡镇十分注重规避风险。村级组织负责人“一肩挑”政策的推行是顶层设计和社会需求共同作用的结果,在基层政策体系中具有代表性,其中的乡镇治理逻辑具有一般性。在规避风险导向下和“强要求-逆约束-弱激励”的制度约束下,W县下辖乡镇在实践中不仅创新性地探索形成了“一上一下”模式、重新选派模式、悬置模式,同时还面向村干部积极开展政策动员,并通过因地制宜地为村庄选派党建指导员等方式,化解了潜在的村庄治理问题,规避了政策任务失败的风险,实现了政策的公共价值,提升了基层治理效能。在基层治理体系现代化的推进过程中,乡镇要充分吸纳规避风险逻辑所带来的积极要素,同时应注重对其不断调适。

Risk prevention takes a more positive attitude towards responsibility,not only avoiding the liability risks within the policy but also preventing the social governance risks outside the policy in advance.As the tissue junction between country and rural society,the township government’s governance effectiveness affects the realization of public value.Under the background of the new era of grassroots governance,township governments pay great attention to how to avoid risks.The implementation of the“one shoulder multi-task”of village leaders is the result of the joint action of national design and social needs.It is represented in the grass-roots policy system,among which the logic of township governance is in general.Under the influence of risk prevention and“strong penalty-adverse restraint-weak incentive”,the towns under the jurisdiction of W County innovated the“one up,one down”mode,the reassignment mode,and the suspension mode.In addition,it actively carry out the mobilization of village cadres and assigned party-building instructors to the transitional villages.The risk of task failure is avoided and the public value of the policy is realized.At the same time,grassroots governance has been improved.In the process of promoting the modernization of the grass-roots governance system,the township should fully absorb the positive elements brought by the logic of risk avoidance,and pay attention to its constant adjustment.