政治哲学的立场、意向和方法——以当代中国特色政治哲学构建为视角

The Position,Intention,and Method of Political Philosophy:From the Perspective of the Construction of Political Philosophy with Contemporary Chinese Characteristics

政治哲学研究者总是站在某一立场上研究政治哲学,政治哲学的立场问题就是研究者在人类社会的复杂结构中,立足于谁、为了谁进行研究的问题。当代人类基本共同体从国家走向世界势在必行,政治哲学要超越以往立场的多元而走向一元,为世界共同体构建提供支持和服务。政治哲学的意向是一种研究者确定目标对象并在意识中不断与之相互建构的互动活动。政治哲学研究如果死守某个目标对象,其研究就会丧失创造性和生命力。政治哲学研究目标对象的确定是个性化的、具有创造性的开放构建过程,这个过程不是一次性完成的,而是与研究者的研究相伴始终的不断循环往复的持续过程。政治哲学作为哲学的专门学科,必须运用哲学的基本方法——思辨方法,但也要运用一些其他方法,如文献诠释法、历史审视法、现实质疑法等。今天政治哲学要回归其应承担的使命和责任,必须改变政治哲学研究中流行的科学经验方法,在使思辨方法成为政治哲学的基本方法的同时,对政治科学和政治现实始终保持批判性态度,不断推进政治复归其真实本性,体现本性所要求的实践要求。立场、意向和方法的不同决定着政治哲学的性质不同,构建当代中国特色政治哲学需要对我们的研究立场、意向和方法进行反思和重构。

Political philosophy researchers always study political philosophy from a certain standpoint.The standpoint of political philosophy is the question of who researchers are based on and for in the complex structure of human society.It is imperative for the basic community of contemporary humanity to move from a country to the world,and political philosophy must transcend the pluralism of previous positions and move towards unity,providing support and services for the construction of the world community.The intention of political philosophy is the interactive activity in which researchers determine the target object and constantly construct it with each other in consciousness.If political philosophy research sticks to a certain pair of target objects,its research will lose its creativity and vitality.To determine the target object of political philosophy research is personalized,creative,and open construction process,which is not a one-time process,but is always a continuous process accompanied by the researcher's research.Political philosophy,as a specialized discipline of philosophy,must not only apply the foundation method of philosophy,i.e.,the speculative method,but also uses some other methods,such as document annotation,historical review and reality questioning methods,etc.In order for political philosophy to return to its mission and responsibility,it is necessary to change the popular scientific empirical methods in political philosophy research.While making speculative methods the basic methods of political philosophy,it is necessary to maintain a critical attitude towards political science and political reality,constantly promoting the return of politics to its true nature,and reflecting the practical requirements required by its nature.Different positions,intentions,and methods determine the different nature of political philosophy.Building contemporary political philosophy with Chinese characteristics requires reflection and reconstruction of the research positions,intentions,and methods.