论文化工具的选用

On the Choice of Cultural Tools

文化之物作为满足人的需求的工具,有同类异种的存在意味,我们需要面对文化工具的选用问题。文化工具的选用是一种对象性活动,由文化选用者、选用对象、选用目的、选用手段、选用过程和选用结果这六个要素构成。文化选用者有个人、社会组织和社会之分,三者所涉及的文化工具的选用范围各不相同。文化选用属于价值选择,学界以往鲜有关于这个问题的研究,但现实中的实有文化工具选用方式一直存在,共有习俗型、情感型、直觉型和理性型四种选用方式。四种方式各有长短,一般情况下,常用前三种文化工具选用方式,但在特殊情况下,必须用理性选用法。以往学界存在的似乎可用于文化工具选用的理性方法各有缺陷,且都缺乏普遍适用性。具有普遍适用性的理性选用方法是“唯好是用法”。先用使用效果的“有害性标准”剔除同类异种文化工具中的坏文化工具,再用使用效果的质量标准,从留下的好文化工具中,选出最好用的文化工具。

As a tool for meeting human needs,cultural objects have a similar and heterogeneous existence,and we need to face the issue of the selection of cultural tools.The selection of cultural tools is an object-oriented activity,consisting of six elements:the cultural selector,the object of selection,the purpose of selection,the means of selection,the process of selection and the result of selection.There are individuals,social organisations and societies who choose culture,and the range of cultural tools involved varies between the three.Cultural choice is a value-based choice and has not been studied in the past,but there are four types of choice of cultural tools:customary,emotional,intuitive and rational.In general,the first three are sufficient for the selection of cultural tools,but in exceptional cases,the rational selection method must be used.The theoretical approaches that seem to exist in the past for the selection of cultural tools are all flawed and not universally applicable.A rational approach to selection that is universally applicable can be offered,and this is the“good only method”.It is a method of selecting the best cultural tools for our use from among the good ones left behind,using the“harmfulness criterion”of effectiveness.