从教育平权到教育赋权——美国民权运动的教育视角

From the Equal Rights of Education to Educational Empowerment:the Educational Perspective of Civil Rights Movement in the United States

无论从历史事实还是教育史研究的角度,美国“教育民权运动”都可以被视为一场相对独立的教育运动。争取教育平权是撬动和推动民权运动的巨大力量,从政治家长久以来的政治抗争和法律斗争以争取外在的教育平等权利,到教育活动家克拉克等人的教育实践以推动弱势群体的内在教育赋权增能,二者相辅相成,最终对美国黑人及少数族裔的教育生态产生了重大的影响,并推进了美国社会文明化的进程。

The educational civil rights movement can be regarded as a relatively independent educational movement,both from the perspective of historical facts and from the perspective of educational history studies.The struggle for equal rights in education was a huge force that drove the civil rights movement,from the long-standing political and legal struggles of politicians for external equal rights in education to the educational practices of educational activists such as Clark to promote the internal educational empowerment of disadvantaged groups,both of which complemented each other.They ultimately had a significant impact on the educational ecology of black people and minorities in the United States and advanced the process of social civilization.