悦来茶园与清末民初成都演剧考述——以《娱闲录》为考察中心

A Textual Research of Yuelai Tea House and Chengdu Opera in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China Based on Yuxian-lu( Entertainments)

悦来茶园是清末民初成都最有影响力的新兴川剧演出场所,为川剧提供了专门化的剧场空间。《四川公报》增刊《娱闲录》于1914年7月在成都创刊,在四川现代报刊史上具有重要的地位,该刊所载剧评、剧照、诗词等,生动记录了清末民初悦来茶园的演剧活动。以三庆会为代表的商业改良班社,立足市场、精研剧目、培训科生、追求职业道德,成为时代弄潮中全川最具代表性的班社。悦来茶园上演剧目的多元化,不仅显示着茶园作为戏曲演出场所的集聚功能,且体现着清末民初戏剧舞台上旧与新、传统与现代、东方与西方的交融与碰撞。《娱闲录》为蜀地的戏曲发展提供了良好的媒介生态。

Yuelai Tea House was the most influential venue of Sichuan Opera in Chengdu in the late Qing dynasty,providing specialized theater space for Sichuan opera.As a supplement to Sichuan-gongbao(Sichuan Gazette),Yuxian-lu(Entertainments) was first launched in Chengdu in July 1914 and had an important position in the history of modern newspapers and periodicals in Sichuan,which published drama reviews,photos and poems,vividly recording the performance of YueLai Tea House in the late Qing dynasty.San-qing-hui,one of the commercial opera troupes,became the most representative troupe of Sichuan opera with its foothold in market,refined repertoire,the cultivation of professional performers and the pursuit of professional ethics.The diversified repertoire in Yuelai Tea House not only showed its function as a gathering place for opera performances,but also embodied the merging and colliding movements between the old and the new,the traditional and the modern,the east and the west on the opera stage during the late Qing dynasty as they were recorded by Yuxian-lu(Entertainments),which provided a good medium ecology for the development of the traditional operas in Sichuan.