时速120 km地铁列车气密性设计与试验

Air-Tightness Design and Test of Metro Train with Speed of 120 km·h-1

以某时速为120 km速度等级的地铁列车为研究对象,基于密封指数及静态和动态密封指数的定义,采用仿真分析和实验室试验的方法并结合相关标准指标要求,对整车进行气密性设计与试制;通过现场空气动力学试验,对整车全线运行及通过短桥隧和人防门时的车内外压力变化情况及车内压力舒适度和动态密封指数进行分析。结果表明:车体和车门对整车静态气密性影响比例之和为90%以上,设计试制时须重点关注车体和车门的密封性能;列车全线运行时压力变化剧烈位置为短桥隧和人防门2处变截面位置,列车通过时头车车内的3 s内压力变化幅值较车外减小43%~67%,列车具有良好的气密性;列车全线运行时车内压力舒适度满足行业相关标准要求,但列车通过人防门时动态密封指数不满足行业相关标准要求,这与该处人防门设计的合理性和相关标准对地铁列车动态密封指数要求的合理性有很大的关系。

Taking a metro train with the speed class of 120 km·h-1 as the research object,based on the efinition of sealing index and static and dynamic sealing index,the air-tightness of the whole train was designed and trial-produced using simulation analysis,experimental tests and the combination of the requirements of relevant standards and indices.Through field aerodynamic tests,the pressure changes inside and outside the train and the pressure comfort level and dynamic sealing indices inside the train are analyzed for the whole line operation and when passing through the short bridge tunnel and air defense door.The results show that the total influence ratio of the train body and doors on the static air-tightness of the whole train is over 90%,so the sealing performance of the train body and doors should be paid more attention to the design and trial production.The locations of the train with strong pressure changes during the whole line operation are the two variable crosssections of the short bridge tunnel and air defense door.The pressure variation amplitude inside the head carriage within 3 s when the train passes through is reduced by 43%-67%compared with that outside the train,and the train has good air-tightness.The pressure comfort level inside the train meets the requirements of the relevant industry standards during the whole line operation,but the dynamic sealing index does not meet the requirements of the relevant industry standards when the train passes through the air defense door,which is greatly related to the rationality of the design of the air defense door and the rationality of the requirements of the relevant standards for the dynamic sealing index of metro trains.