鲁迅与中国美术的现代转型

Lu Xun and the Modern Transformation of Chinese Fine Arts

鲁迅在中国美术的现代转型中起到了独特的无可替代的重要作用。他借鉴西方近现代进步的美术思想,开放包容,为我所用。他积极参与美术革命,强调进步的美术家要有“进步的思想与高尚的人格”,要有“天马行空似的”创造精神,要“为社会而艺术”。他大力提倡、扶持新兴木刻、连环画和漫画创作,使之成为中国现代美术转型期的代表性画种。他主张改造传统,适应时代。他批评写意山水“竞尚高简,变成空虚”,提倡汉唐气魄。他搜集、辑印汉画像石拓片和中国传统木刻,主张在木刻、连环画和漫画创作中多采用传统手法。他从对陶元庆、司徒乔和中外现代版画的深刻评论中,提出了“新的形”、“新的色”、时代性、“民族性”等一系列新思想,他崇尚“倔强的魂灵”、崇尚“战斗”精神和力之美,对中国美术的现代转型产生了深远影响。

As a thinker and writer,Lu Xun played a unique and irreplaceable role in the modern transformation of Chinese fine arts.He advocated openness and inclusiveness and drew upon modern progressive Western thoughts on fine arts.He actively participated in reforms in fine arts,emphasizing that progressive artists should have“progressive thoughts and noble character”,and“unconstrained”creative spirit,and should create"art for the society".He strongly advocated and supported the creation of new-style woodcuts,comic books and cartoons,making them representative forms of painting in the transition period of modern Chinese art.He supported the transforming of traditions to adapt to the times.He criticized freehand brushwork landscape for“pursuing too much loftiness and simplicity and therefore becoming empty”and advocated the broadness and boldness as in the Han and Tang Dynasties.He collected and printed rubbings of stone reliefs in the Han Dynasty and traditional woodcuts in China,and advocated the use of traditional techniques in woodcuts,comic books and cartoons.In the complicated world of modern paintings,he had a unique vision,carried forward traditions and never followed blindly.Through his profound comments on Tao Yuanqing,Situ Qiao and modern prints at home and abroad,he put forward a series of new ideas such as“new shape”,“new color”,“character of the times”and“national character”.He advocated the“stubborn soul”,the“fighting spirit”and the beauty of strength,which had a far-reaching impact on the modern transformation of Chinese fine arts.