美国州公共图书馆标准及对我国地方性公共图书馆标准制定的启示

The Standards of American State Public Libraries and Its Enlightenment to the Establishment of Standards of Local Public Libraries in China

我国地方性公共图书馆标准建设起步较晚,发展尚不完善,需要理论指导和实践借鉴。美国是世界上图书馆法律规范建设最完备的国家之一,本文基于该国各州经济发展水平差异,抽取21个州公共图书馆标准,利用内容分析法探究标准的主题内容特征。研究发现,美国经济发展水平各异地区的公共图书馆标准具有明显的共性和个性特征,对我国地方性公共图书馆标准的制定具有以下启示:基于公共图书馆平衡性充分性发展的需要,地方性图书馆标准应以综合性标准为首要选择;标准制定目的应具体化、功能化;标准制定应遵循特定原则,标准间既要趋同也要保持差异性;标准内容应体现平等、包容、开放和高质量发展的理念,不同经济发展水平地区的图书馆标准制定应遵循其内在规律。

The development of local public library standard started late in China,and has not evolved perfectly yet.It requires theoretical guidance and practical reference.The United States is one of the most developed countries in the development of library laws and standards in the world.Therefore,this article,based on per capita GDP and taking into account other regional factors,extracts the public library standards of a total of 21 states,and by means of content analysis,explores the similarities,differences and characteristics of public library standards among regions with different economic development levels in the United States.It concludes with the following enlightenment on the establishment of local public library standards in China:For the need of a balanced and adequate development,the comprehensive library standard should be the first priority of local library standard;The purpose of standard formulation should be specific and functional;The formulation of standards should follow specific principles.Standards should be different yet converging;The content of the standards should embody the ideas and concepts of equality,inclusiveness,openness and high-quality development;The establishment of library standard in different areas of economic development should follow its internal law.