北上台风造成黑龙江省暴雨事件的气候特征

Climatic Characteristics of Heavy Rain Events Caused by Northward Typhoon in Heilongjiang Province

把北上台风影响黑龙江省且造成暴雨的天气过程定义为一个暴雨台风事件,根据影响的强度及方式分为3种类型:热带气旋型、变性型和水汽型。利用1981—2020年CMA最佳数据集和黑龙江省84个国家观测站常规观测资料进行分析,黑龙江省暴雨台风事件共有29个,均出现在7—9月,8月最多,9月最少。多数台风都在35°N以北登陆,其中在朝鲜半岛附近向东北移动入日本海的路径最多,由朝鲜半岛或者辽宁进入东北地区的路径次之。对比各类型发现,热带气旋型在暴雨站次、平均雨量等暴雨特征方面表现最强,变性型次之。研究中发现,暴雨台风事件具有明显的年代际特征,1995—2011年为弱影响期,1981—1994年和2012—2020年为2个强影响期,后一个强影响期中暴雨台风事件明显增多,年内时间跨度更大,暴雨站次、平均雨量等暴雨特征值更大,热带气旋型和变性型的影响系统更强,但路径差异不大。

The northward typhoon affecting Heilongjiang province and causing torrential rain is defined as a rainstorm typhoon event.It is divided into three types according to the intensity and mode of impact:tropical cyclone type,degeneration type,and sater vapor type.The best data set of typhoon from China Meteorological Administration(CMA)and the rainstorm data of 84 national observation stations in Heilongjiang province during 1981-2020 have been used in this paper to conduct statistical analysis.Results showed there were 29 rainstorm typhoon events in Heilongjiang province during the 40 years which occurred from July to September,with the most in August and the least in September.The most typhoons moved northeast from the Korean Peninsula to the Sea of Japan,followed by those from the Korean Peninsula or Liaoning province into northeast China.It was found that the tropical cyclone type had the strongest influence on the rainstorm,such as the number of rainstorm stations and the average rainfall,followed by the degeneration type.The study found that the rainstorm typhoon event has obvious interdecadal variations,1981-1994 and 2012-2020 were periods of strong influence,and 1995-2011 were periods of weak influence.From 2012 to 2020,rainstorm typhoon events affected by northward typhoon in Heilongjiang province increased and intensified significantly,and the time span of occurrence changed more.The influence systems of tropical cyclone type and degeneration type are stronger,but the difference in path is not significant.