颠覆性创新的概念嬗变、边界拓展与未来研究展望

Conceptual Evolution,Boundary Expansion and Future Research Prospects of Disruptive Innovation

促进颠覆性创新已经成为我国科技发展的关键战略。自颠覆性创新被提出以来,相关概念在发展和应用过程中受到了不少曲解。为进一步厘清颠覆性创新的概念嬗变过程,首先采用文献归纳法对颠覆性创新的原始定义、路径拓展、范围拓展进行系统阐述,随后对路径拓展引发的预见性问题和范围拓展引发的应对性问题展开探讨,研究发现:①路径拓展是颠覆性创新概念边界变化的第一个阶段,在低端路径的基础上,增加了新市场路径和高端路径两种类型,但路径拓展对颠覆性创新的影响仍局限在市场和行业范围内;②范围拓展是颠覆性创新概念边界变化的第二个阶段,由现有市场领先企业颠覆向系统性颠覆和社会—技术系统范式颠覆扩散;③颠覆性创新的路径拓展和范围拓展使早期预见问题和混合型应对策略问题成为研究重点。在此基础上,提出了颠覆性创新的未来研究方向。

The new round of technological revolution and industrial change is developing deeply,and the emerging technologies represented by artificial intelligence and big data are having a disruptive impact on various dimensions of the social economy at an unprecedented speed and depth,which makes the theory of disruptive innovation receive more attention in the field of management,and also makes the promotion of disruptive technological innovation a key strategy for the development of science and technology in China.However,since the theory of disruptive innovation was proposed,along with its dissemination in academic circles and application in industry,the connotation of related core concepts has been subject to many misinterpretations.In order to further clarify the process of conceptual transmutation of disruptive innovation,the literature induction method is used to firstly systematically elaborate the original definition,path expansion,and scope concept expansion of disruptive innovation,and then explore the foreseeable problems caused by path expansion and the responsive problems caused by scope expansion,and the research results find that:①path expansion is the first stage of the boundary change of the concept of disruptive innovation,adding new market paths and high-end paths to the low-end paths,enriching the diversity of disruptive paths,but the examination of the impact of path expansion on disruptiveness is still limited to the market and industry;②scope expansion is the second stage of the boundary change of the concept of disruptive innovation,spreading from the disruption of existing market leaders to systemic disruption and paradigm disruption of the socio-technical system;③the evaluation of the generalization of the concept of disruptive innovation,the path expansion and scope expansion of disruptive innovation and the early foresight and hybrid response problems it generates become the focus of research.On this basis,the article proposes future research directions for disruptive innovation,including:①research on disruptive effects and intervention mechanisms of disruptive innovation at the level of innovation ecosystem and socio-technical system;future research needs to examine more extensively the innovation strategies of disruptive market disruptions across industry boundaries and how multiple disruptive technologies gradually form social impacts through coupling and interaction,and the transmission and penetration patterns of disruptive effects.②early pilot study of foresight methods and value research on disruptive innovation,including topics such as multi-subject upstream participation,consultative decision-making mechanisms,and multi-centerd collaboration models.③hybrid response strategies for disruptive innovation,specifically including when to adopt hybrid strategies for different enterprises and governments subjects,how to integrate business model innovation into hybrid strategies,and how to select and use these strategies.