贯彻公平普惠理念,赋能家庭助力托育——芬兰0-3岁婴幼儿照护服务的主要做法及启示

Implementing A Fair and Inclusivity Philosophy and Empowering Families to Boost Early Childhood Care and Education:Main Practice and Enlightenment of Care Services for 0-3 Year-Old Infants and Young Children in Finland

芬兰政府历来高度重视婴幼儿早期发展,其早期儿童照护服务体系具有悠久历史。芬兰境内现已构建起政府主导,社会、家庭和社区等多主体广泛参与,以提供多样化的保教合一的早期儿童照护服务体系,包含中心式、家庭式及开放式三大服务模式。芬兰政府全力支持并保障家庭作为儿童早期照料主体,为家庭育儿提供充备的财政支持,以减轻家庭育儿负担。全覆盖、多类型、高质量的芬兰照护服务体系无疑可为正处于国家人口战略关键期的我国提供经验参考与借鉴。我国在推进婴幼儿普惠性照护服务体系的构建过程中应注意以家庭为核心,呼唤父职转向;健全治理体制,完善法律法规;建立生育经费保障机制,切实做好“照护兜底”工作。

The Finnish government,with its long-running early childhood care services system,has always attached great importance to the early development of infants and young children.At present,a government-led early childhood care service system has been established in Finland,with broad participation from society,families and communities to provide a diversified combinationofchildcareandeducation,across three service models:central,family and open.The Finnish government fully supports and guarantees the family as the main body of early childhood care,and provides sufficient financial support for families to reduce the burden of parenting.Its comprehensive,versatile and high-quality care service system can undoubtedly provide an experiential reference for China,which is in the critical period of its national population strategy.In the process of promoting the construction of an inclusive care services system for infants and young children,China should emphasize a shift towards fatherhood with the family as the core,refining the governance system to improve laws and regulations,and establishing a mechanismto guarantee financial support for childbirth and child care.