广西博白县外来入侵植物调查研究

Investigation on Invasive Alien Plants in Bobai County of Guangxi

【目的】准确全面掌握广西博白县外来入侵植物的现状,为针对性开展防治提供科学依据。【方法】通过对博白县开展踏查和标准地调查,分析外来入侵植物的组成、生活型和入侵原产地,根据对当地农林生态环境及经济建设的危害影响原则划分入侵危害等级。【结果】通过实地调查及标本鉴定,共发现博白县外来入侵植物达85种,隶属于27科,以菊科种数最多,占总种数的34.1%。从生活型来看,以一年生草本为主,大部分入侵植物原产于美洲。依据危害程度将博白县外来入侵植物共划分为6个入侵等级,分别是恶性入侵类(1级,10种,占比11.76%)、严重入侵类(2级,12种,占比14.12%)、局部入侵类(3级,8种,占比9.41%)、一般入侵类(4级,41种,占比48.24%)、待观察类(5级,11种,占比12.94%)、建议排除类(6级,1种,占比1.18%)。【结论】通过本次调查得知,博白县有外来入侵植物85种,占广西已知入侵植物种的70.2%,约83.53%的种类已造成不同程度的危害,仅有14.12%的种类处于观察阶段。防治外来入侵植物,任重而道远。

【Objective】To accurately and comprehensively understand current situation of invasive alien plants in Bobai County of Guangxi, and to provide evidence for targeted control and prevention.【Method】To analyze composition, life type and origin of invasive plants through field and sample plot survey in Bobai County, and to classify invasion harm level according to how the plants endangered local agricultural and forestry environment and economy. 【Result】Through field investigation and specimen identification, a total of 85 invasive species of 27 families were found in Bobai County, among which Compositae plants taking up 34.1%, the most, of the total species. In terms of life type, annuals were dominant, most originated from America. According to severity of harm, the invasive plants in Bobai County were divided into 6 invasion levels: malignant invasion (1st grade, 10 species, accounting for 11.76%), severe invasion (2nd grade, 12 species, accounting for 14.12%), local invasion (3rd grade, 8 species, accounting for 9.41%) and general invasion (4th grade, 41 species 48.24%), undecided invasion (5th grade, 11 species, accounting for 12.94%), excluded invasion (6th grade, 1 species, accounting for 1.18%).【Conclusion】From this survey, 85 invasive alien plant species in Bobai County, accounting for 70.2% of the known invasive plant species in Guangxi. About 83.53% of the species have caused harm to varying degrees, and only 14.12% of the species are under observation. It is still a long way to prevent and control invasive alien plants.