柏林王室图书馆藏中国图书与德国早期汉学

Early German Sinology and Chinese Collections of the Berlin Royal Library

柏林王室图书馆的中国图书收藏史经历17世纪的初创期、18世纪的停滞期,再到19世纪上半叶的复兴,与德国早期汉学在历史时空层面平行发展。馆员缪勒与门采尔在17世纪有意利用中文原本图书开展中国语言和历史纪年研究。两位汉学先驱的图书整理和研究成果还为18世纪德国学者巴耶尔的汉语汉字研究提供了文献基础。19世纪上半叶馆藏汉满文图书增加,东方学家柯恒儒、肖特接续编撰书目。两部书目皆以欧洲图书分类法汇编馆藏图书基本信息,编目者还通过原本文献研读增补中国文化知识,体现了德国汉学研究传统古典特色。当然,编目者不同的学术兴趣也造成两部书目细微的差异。

The collection of Chinese books in the Berlin Royal Library began in the 17th century. It witnessed its stagnation in the 18th century, and then its revival in the first half of the 19th century, developing in parallel with early German Sinology. In the 17th century, A. Müller and C. Mentzel, two librarians of the Elector Library, Berlin, used original Chinese books to conduct research on the Chinese language and China’s historical chronology. The book arrangement and research results of these two pioneers of Sinology provided the documentary basis for the study of Chinese characters by G. Bayer, a German scholar in the 18th century. In the first half of the 19th century, the collection of Chinese and Manchu books increased, and Orientalists such as J. Klaproth and W. Schott compiled their bibliographies of these works. Both bibliographies are based on the European book classification for the collection the basic information of these books. The catalogers added information about Chinese culture by studying the original documents, which reflected the traditional classical characteristics of German Sinology. The different academic interests of the two catalogers made the two bibliographies slightly different.