地域环境与文化:晋东南传统民居的类型分布及形成机制

Regional Environment and Culture:the Typological Distribution and Formation Mechanism of Traditional Dwellings in the Southeast of Shanxi Province

晋东南地区包括长治市和晋城市,传统民居遗存非常丰富。以晋东南地区的传统民居作为研究对象,选取了299个村落,将每个村落60%以上的传统民居形态作为该村落传统民居类型的划分标准,运用聚类分析法做分类,得出窑洞、房窑混合、二层楼屋、一层土石木房屋4个类型区。并用GIS做核密度分析,得到各类型传统民居的主要分布区。在此基础上,从自然环境、人文环境两个层面运用定量分析与定性分析方法探讨了晋东南传统民居类型的形成机制,认为自然环境是基础因素,地形地貌及建筑资源的分布影响着传统民居的修建材料、建筑环境及类型分布。人文环境包括明清商业手工业的发展、传统文化和明清社会动乱,对传统民居的立面形态、细部装饰、院落布局的样式等有一定作用,是晋东南传统民居类型形成的重要因素。

Changzhi City and Jincheng City are located in the southeast of Shanxi province that have lots of the heritage of traditional dwellings.Taking the traditional dwellings that come from 299 villages in the southeast of Shanxi province as the research objects,as well as taking more than 60%traditional residential forms in the village as the standard of classification of the traditional dwellings,this paper divides the selected traditional dwellings into four types by clustering methodology that included cave dwellings,mixed habitations between residential dwellings and cave dwellings,two-story dwellings,one-story dwellings of civil structure construction.Subsequently,this paper concludes the main distribution area for different types of traditional dwellings operated by kernel density analysis in GIS.On the basis of above research,this paper discusses the formation mechanism of traditional dwellings in the southeast of Shanxi Province from the aspects of natural environment and human environment by quantitative analysis.It considers natural environment is the basic factor,as well as landform and architectural resource distribution jointly influence the architectural materials,built environment and typological distribution of traditional dwellings.Human environment including economic conditions,traditional culture and social turbulence in the Ming and Qing dynasties influence the tridimensional form,detailed decoration and courtyard layout of traditional dwellings,which is the significant factor for the formation of the southeast of Shanxi traditional dwellings’types.