经方中的北柴胡与南柴胡精准化应用探究

Precise application of Beichaihu and Nanchaihu in classical formulas

以实现经方功效的精准及稳定为目的,对中药柴胡的基原规格进行对比研究,揭示北柴胡(Beichaihu)与南柴胡(Nanchaihu)在经方中精准化应用的规律。考证《伤寒杂病论》中以柴胡为君药方剂的功效主治,并利用LC-MS联用技术以及CCl4诱导的小鼠肝损伤模型和油酸钠诱导的HepG2高脂血症细胞模型,探究柴胡在各方中发挥功效的差异,以及北柴胡与南柴胡水煎液的化学成分、保肝及降脂药效的差异。结果发现《伤寒杂病论》中以柴胡为君药的7个方剂在中医临床主要用于治疗消化、代谢、免疫、循环等系统的疾病,其中柴胡则主发挥保肝、利胆、降脂等功效,且在各方中发挥的功效各有侧重;化学成分分析结果表明北柴胡与南柴胡水煎液共有14个差异成分,鉴定了其中11个成分的化学结构,分别为10个皂苷类和1个黄酮类化合物;保肝药效实验结果显示北柴胡的水煎液可以明显降低肝损伤模型小鼠血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性,且与南柴胡水煎液组相比具有极显著性差异(P<0.01);降脂药效实验证明,北柴胡与南柴胡在降低HepG2细胞中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量上均具有极显著性差异(P<0.01),与北柴胡水煎液组相比,南柴胡水煎液组降脂效果更好。结果表明北柴胡与南柴胡水煎液的化学成分及保肝、降脂药效均存在差异,提示在中医临床处方中柴胡基原的精准化是必要的。研究为中医临床精准用药及基于用途的中药质量精准评价提供科学依据。

To maintain the precision and stability of the efficacy of classical formulas, this study compared the origins and specifications of Bupleuri Radix and revealed the precise application regularity of Bupleurum chinense(Beichaihu) and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium(Nanchaihu) in classical formulas. The efficacy and indications of formulas with Bupleuri Radix as the sovereign drug in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun) were investigated. The difference in the efficacy of Bupleuri Radix as well as the differences in the chemical composition, and liver-protecting and lipid-lowering effects of the decoctions of Beichaihu and Nanchaihu were analyzed with LC-MS technology based on the CCl4-induced liver injury model in mice and sodium oleate-induced HepG2 hyperlipidemia cell model. The results showed that seven classical formulas with Bupleuri Radix as the sovereign drug in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases were mainly used in the treatment of digestive, metabolic, immune, circulatory, and other diseases. Bupleuri Radix mainly played the functions of protecting the liver, benefiting the gallbladder, and lowering the lipid, and had different focuses in different formulas. There were 14 differential components in the decoctions of Beichaihu and Nanchaihu, and the chemical structures of 11 components were identified, including 10 saponins and one flavonoid. The results of the liver-protecting efficacy experiment showed that compared with the Nanchaihu decoction, Beichaihu decoction could reduce the serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity in liver injury model mice(P<0.01). The results of the lipid-lowering efficacy experiment proved that Beichaihu and Nanchaihu decoctions both showed highly significant differences in lowering the total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) content in HepG2 cells(P<0.01), and Nanchaihu decoction was superior to Beichaihu decoction in lowering the lipid. The results of this study preliminarily proved that there were differences in chemical composition, and liver-protecting and lipid-lowering effects of Beichaihu and Nanchaihu decoctions, indicating that it was necessary to determine the precise origin of Bupleuri Radix in the clinical formulation of traditional Chinese medicine. The study provides a scientific basis for both precise clinical medication and purpose-based accurate quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical application.