中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病相关抗体检测专家共识2022

Expert consensus on the detection of antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system 2022

中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病是以自身免疫细胞、自身抗体及其他免疫分子直接或间接攻击神经系统(包括神经元、胶质细胞、髓鞘)为主要致病机制的自身免疫性疾病。这一类疾病的早期鉴别诊断、疾病进展监测以及疗效预后评估等很大程度上依赖于实验室辅助检查。而国内中枢神经系统自身抗体检测方法学的选择和判读依据尚缺乏适合的标准或指导性规范,迫切需要规范实验室诊断以更好地指导临床实践。为此,中华医学会神经病学分会神经免疫学组基于国内外抗体检测技术进展和临床诊断需求,并在充分征求学组专家意见的基础上形成了“中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病相关抗体检测专家共识2022”。本共识总结常见的中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病(以中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病和自身免疫性脑炎为例)实验室辅助检查的原理和传统检测方法,对如何选择实验检查项目以及解读实验室检查的结果给出指导性建议。

Autoimmune diseases of central nervous system are mainly caused by the direct or indirect attack of autoimmune cells and inflammatory factors on the nervous system(including neurons,glial cells and myelin sheath).The early differential diagnosis,monitoring of disease progression,and evaluation of curative effect and prognosis of these diseases are largely dependent on laboratory-assisted examination.At present,it is an urgent need to standardize laboratory diagnosis to better guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in China.To this end,Chinese Society of Neuroimmunology edits the"Expert consensus on the detection of antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system 2022".This consensus summarized the principle,traditional detection methods,how to select experimental examination items combined with clinical,and how to interpret the results of laboratory examination for common central nervous system immune diseases(Take demyelinating disease of central nervous system and autoimmune encephalitis for example).