帕金森病患者吞咽障碍评估的研究进展

Progress on evaluation of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson′s disease

帕金森病是常见的神经系统变性疾病,其吞咽障碍发生率达16%~87%,口腔期、咽期、食管期均有可能发生异常。帕金森病患者吞咽障碍的评估方法有仪器评估方法、非仪器客观评估方法和主观评估方法。吞咽造影检查、软式喉内窥镜吞咽功能检查是帕金森病患者吞咽功能评估的“金标准”,高分辨率食道测压、舌压检查、表面肌电图和超声检查等可以作为补充检查。吞咽障碍问卷量表敏感度、特异度、信度效度较好,被推荐为筛查量表。

Parkinson′s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disease.The prevalence of dysphagia in patients with PD is 16%-87%.Dysphagic patients show abnormalities in the oral,pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing.The evaluation tools of dysphagia in patients with PD include instrumental assessment tools,non-instrumental objective assessment tools and subjective assessment tools.Videofluoroscopic study of swallowing and flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing are the gold standards for swallowing assessment in patients with PD;high-resolution manometry,tongue pressure measurement,surface electromyography and ultrasonography can be used as supplementary tests;the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire Scale,which is sensitive,specific,reliable and valid,is recommended as a screening tool.