社会支持视角下中国老年人生活满意度影响因素研究

Influencing factors for life satisfaction of Chinese elderly from the perspective of social support

目的 基于社会支持视角分析中国老年人生活满意度影响因素,为提高老年人生活满意度提供实证依据。方法 使用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)中5 014名≥60岁老年人的数据,采用单因素χ^(2)检验比较组间差异,采用二分类logistic回归分析老年人生活满意度影响因素。结果 生活满意度在比较满意及以上的老年人比例为89.55%。χ^(2)结果显示老年人生活满意度在正式社会支持、非正式社会支持、人口统计学上均存在差异(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果表明,正式社会支持中退休金在1万元以上(OR=1.733,95%CI:1.306~2.301);非正式社会支持家庭年收入在3~6万元(OR=2.126,95%CI:1.854~3.214)、>6万元(OR=6.086,95%CI:4.845~7.645),与伴侣同居(OR=1.355,95%CI:1.075~1.708);人口学特征中女性(OR=0.713,95%CI:0.583~0.872)是老年人生活满意度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 中国老年人生活满意度处于较高水平,应重视社会支持在老年人生活满意度上的积极作用,对物质保障较低、独居老年人着重关注,筑牢“老有所乐”的社会氛围。

Objective Toanalyze the influencing factors for life satisfaction of the elderly in China based on the perspective of social support, so as to provide empirical evidence for improving life satisfaction of the elderly. Methods The data of 5 014 elderly aged60 years old and above were obtained from the 2018 China Health and Elderly Care Follow-up Survey(CHARLS). Univariate Chi square test was used to compare the differences between groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for life satisfaction of the elderly. Results The percentage of the elderly who were fairly satisfied with life and above was 89.55%. Chi square test results showed that life satisfaction of the elderly was different in formalsocialsupport, informalsocialsupport and demographics(P<0.05). logistic regression analysis results showed that pension in formalsocialsupportmore than 10 000 yuan(OR=1.733,95% CI: 1.306~2.301), annual household income ininformalsocialsupportranging 30 000-60 000 yuan(OR=2.126,95% CI: 1.854~3.214),annual household income in informal social support more than 60000 yuan(OR=6.086,95% CI: 4.845~7.645), cohabiting with partners(OR=1.355,95% CI: 1.075~1.708), being female in the demographic characteristics(OR=0.713,95% CI: 0.583~0.872) were the influencingfactorsfor life satisfaction of the elderly(P<0.05). Conclusions The life satisfaction of the elderly in China is at a high level. We should attach importance to the positive role of socialsupport in the life satisfaction of the elderly, pay attention to the elderly with low material support and those living alone, so as to build a social atmosphere of “the elderly living in peace and contentment”.