世传谱学:中古谱学世家及其家学特点

The Genealogical Studies as Tradition of Families:The Families of Studying Genealogy and Their Studies Characteristics in the Medieval China

魏晋南北朝隋唐时代,谱学兴盛,谱学传承也呈现出“家学化”面貌。中古谱学世家,以东晋南朝平阳贾氏、琅邪王氏和唐代河东柳氏三家为代表。这三家谱学传承,各有特点:平阳贾氏谱学,自贾弼之创立以来,累世传学,编撰多种谱牒,成为东晋南朝最典型的谱学世家;南朝琅邪王氏谱学,本自贾氏,然因王氏成员多参“选事”,王氏谱学“助铨序”功能突出,侧重服务现实政治;唐代河东柳氏谱学,则与家传史学相辉映,堪称史学世家之谱学。谱学世家形成,不仅因中古时人重视谱学知识,亦因谱学知识具有专业性,而相关书籍和资料往往在家族内部传承和积累,易于形成“家学”。不同谱学世家的风格特点,则反映了中古谱学的发展变化。

In the Medieval China,genealogical studies flourished and its spread was mainly within some families.The Jia Family of Pingyang and Wang Family of Langya in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties and Liu Family of Hedong in the Tang Dynasty are representative.The three families have respective characteristics.Jia’s genealogical studies came down from Jia Bizhi,and that family which compiled a variety of genealogies was the most important family studying genealogy at that time.Wang’s genealogical studies come from Jia Family.However,because many members of the family participated in the election of officials,the Wang’s genealogical studies was practical in elections.The Liu’s genealogical studies developed with the family’s historiography.The forming of families of studying genealogy is not only because of these studies being attention to in the Medieval China,but also because of the studies is professional,which makes relevant books and materials were often inherited and accumulated within some families.The characteristics of different families reflect the development of genealogical studies in the Medieval China.