以史析运:査继佐《罪惟录》史论研究

Analyzing Fate by Compiling History:On Zha Jizuo’s Historical Comments in ZUIWEILU

史论是査继佐所撰纪传体明代史书《罪惟录》的一大史学特色,在《罪惟录》一书中,卷前几乎都有总论,卷后及卷中又分别有不同的“论曰”,史论在全书中占有很大比重,是探究史书结构与内容乃至史家史学思想的重要线索。査继佐借史论表述作为明末清初史家对于时局变换的观点和看法,其中关于明朝的帝运、国运以及当世之人的世运的解析是史论的重要内容,三运相系,可以看出査继佐深受传统儒学与阴阳学的影响。他在主要以天命和德业解释明亡历史原因之外,还注意总结误事朝臣、口舌之故、经济因素等其他细节性因素的历史作用,反映出较为进步的史学观念。

Historical comments is a feature of ZUIWEILU which is a biographical history of Ming by Zha Jizuo.There are general comments in front of every book and different comments in every book,so historical comments comprise substantial proportion of the whole book and can be viewed as a clue to learn structure,content and the thoughts of the history.Zha Jizuo expressed his views on the political situation and the big change in historical comments.The emperors’fates,country’s fate and the fate of modern are the main content of comments.It’s believed that these fates are mutual related,and it reflects that Zha Jizuo’s thoughts were influenced by the traditional Confucianism and Yin-yang theory,so he used the destiny and virtue to explain the end of the Ming Dynasty.Besides that,Zha Jizuo paid attention to other factors such as incompetent ministers,political disputes and economy,which reflected his progressive historical thoughts.